我国地表水体粪大肠菌群污染现状分析.pdf

第35卷第3期
水利水电科技进展
2015年5月
Vol 35 No. 3
Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources
May 2015
D)O1:10.3880/j.issn.10067647.2015.03.003
我国地表水体粪大肠菌群污染现状分析
江磊,朱德军,陈永灿,赵恒光
(清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084
摘要:基于20世纪80年代以来公开发表的文献,调研了我国地表水体(河流、湖泊、水库、近海海
域)类大肠菌群的含量,对粪大肠菌群含量的时空分布及变化进行了分析,并对影响这种分布特性
的因素进行了系统的分析和讨论。结果表明:我国地表水体粪大肠菌群含量普遍較高,受到较为严
重的粪便污染,其中河流水系含量最高,湖泊、海城次之,水库最低;粪大肠茵群含量的年际和年内
波动都较大,年内丰水期含量高于枯水期含量;类大肠菌群含量的空间分布特性为南北无明显差
异,东部水域含量高于西部水域含量,下游水体含量高于上游水体含量,近岸水体含量高于远岸水
体含量,人为干扰严重的水体含量高于干扰轻的水体含量。降雨径流对粪大肠茵群含量的时空变
化存在非常显著的影响,同时水体有机物含量、富营养化程度、盐度及温度等物理化学特性也影响
着粪大肠菌群在水体中的分布。
关键词:地表水体;粪大肠菌群;病原微生物;含量分布;污染特性
中图分类号:TV211
文献标志码:A文章编号:10067647(2015)03001108
Analysis on Pecal Coliform pollution in surface waters of China// TANG Iei, HU Dejun, CHEN Yongcan, / H
Heng uang(State Key Laboratory ofhydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Abstract: Fecal Coliform (FC )concentration in surface waters, such as, rivers, lakes, reservoirs and coastal areas, of
China was surveyed based on literatures published since 1980s. From the survey, the temporal variation and the spatial
distribution of FC concentration is analyzed, and then influencing factors on distribution characteristics of FC are
systematically discussed. The results demonstrate that FC concentration is generally high throughout the surface waters in
China. which indicates that the waters suffer a severe microbial contamination. Rivers are most severely contaminated
among different water bodies while reservoirs are cleanest. The concentration of FC shows signifieant inter-annual and intra
annual fluctuations, with the concentration in wet seasons being much greater than that in dry seasons. There is no obvious
distribution pattem of FC concentration between southern and northern waters, while the FC concentration in eastern areas
is obviously greater than that in western areas. The FC concentration in lower reaches of rivers is greater than that in the
upper reaches, and the FC concentration near shore is greater than of shore. These indicate that human actions significantly
increase the concentration of FC. Rainfall-runoff has a significant impact on the temporal variation and spatial distribution of
FC. Besides, many other physical-chemical factors, including organic content, trophic level, salinity, and temperature of
water are also responsible for the spatial distribution and temporal variation of concentration of FC
Key words: surface water; Fecal Coliform; pathogenic microorganism; concentration distribution; pollution characteristic
水体受到病原微生物污染后,可能导致霍乱、伤物种类多、含量较少并且生存周期短,检测困难,通常
寒等多种肠道传染病,并造成大范围的爆发2,据采用检测与病原微生物具有密切相关性的指示微生
调査我国广西、州、江苏等省(自治区)的伤寒、副物来指示和估计病原污染?。於大肠菌群( Faecal
伤寒以水传播为主,如贵州50年问577起伤寒、副 Coliforms)由于其直接来源于粪便且检测方法相对容
伤寒的爆发中水型爆发占到64.82%5。病原微生易而被广泛应用为衡量水体粪便污染的指示微生物
物主要来源于人和动物等的类便?,水体中病原微生水体存在粪大肠菌群表明已被粪便污染。
基金项目:清华大学自主科研计划(20121089082);国家自然科学基金(51039002)
作者简介:江磊(1987ー),男,湖北公安人,博十研究生,主要从事水-沙-污染物输移过程研究。-mail:bciai-qq25@163.com
通信作者:朱德军(1980ー),男,江苏建湖人,副教授、博士,主要从事河湖水动力-物质输移过程研究。E-mail:zhudejun@mi.tsinghua.cdu.cn
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