几种防治烟粉虱的药剂评价及烯啶虫胺应用研究.pdf

扬州大学
硕士学位论文
几种防治烟粉虱的药剂评价及烯啶虫胺应用研究
姓名:李兴东
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:农业昆虫与害虫防治
指导教师:祝树德
20090501
李兴东几种防治烟粉虱的药剂评价及烯啶虫胺应用研究
中文摘要
烟粉虱 Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)是目前设施蔬菜上的重要害虫之一。针对烟
粉虱的药剂防治,本文评价了几种不同类型药剂对烟粉虱的防治效果,系统研究
了烯啶虫胺对烟粉虱作用方式、作用机制及田间应用技术,并对烯啶虫胺进行了
抗性风险评估,主要结果如下
1.本文测定了几种不同类型药剂对烟粉虱成虫、若虫、卵的室内生物活性及
防治效果。室内生物活性测定结果表明:阿维菌素对烟粉虱成虫毒力最高,其LCso
为2.286mgL:其次为阿克泰、烯啶虫胺、吡虫晽、吡蚜酮,其LCso分别为6.411
mg/L、13.826mgL、36.814mgL、73.621mgL。扑虱灵对烟粉虱卵的杀伤作用最
强,其LCso为7147mg/L。阿维菌素对烟粉虱低龄若虫和高龄若虫均表现出较高
的毒力,其LCso分别为2.588mg/L、4.440mgL;其次是烯啶虫胺、阿克泰、吡
虫啉、吡蚜酮,对烟粉虱低龄若虫的LC30分别为6.373mg/L、10.744mgL、25.311
mg/L、35.852mg/L,对烟粉虱高龄若虫的LCo分别为9.541mgL、12.800mg/L、
62.122mgL、87.667mg/L,高效氯氰菊酯、毒死蜱、高效氯氟氰菊酣、扑虱灵对
烟粉虱低龄若虫和高龄若虫的LC30都在115310mgL以上。田间试验表明:1.8%
阿维菌素乳油、10%烯啶虫胺水剂、25%阿克泰水分散粒剂、25%吡蚜酮可湿性粉
剂是防治烟粉虽的较理想药剂,药后9天2000倍时的防效都在78,26%以上,10%
吡虫啉可混性粉剂次之,药后9天2000倍时的防效为66.61%,4.5%高效氯氰菊酯
乳油、40%毒死蜱乳油、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯可湿性粉剂、25%扑虱灵可湿性粉剂
防治烟粉虱效果较差,药后9天1000倍时的防效都在61.58%以下。
2.烯啶虫胺对烟粉虱成虫和若虫的不同作用方式结果表明:烯啶虫胺对烟粉
虱有触杀、内吸传导等多种作用方式。对烟粉虱成虫和若虫2种作用方式从强到
弱的次序为:内吸传导作用>触杀作用
3.研究了烯啶虫胺对烟粉虱体内几种酶系的活性变化。结果表明:用烯啶虫胺
LCso剂量处理烟粉虱成虫,试虫体内的羧酸酯珻表现为可逆性抑制作用,处理12h
后,其羧酸酯酶比活力为0.6699,随着时间增加,羧酸酯酶的比活力明显开始上
扬州大学硕士学位论文
升,到48h时超过了正常水平,达到1.1717。乙酰胆碱酯酶变现为抑制作用,随
着作用时间的延长,乙酰胆碱酯酶活性降低,处理12h后,活力比值为0.9386,
48h后降至0.8041。
4.环境因素对烯啶虫胺应用效过有明显的影响。结果表明:温度对烯啶虫胺毒
力发挥有影响,温度从19℃上升到32℃,烯啶虫胺对烟粉虱毒力増强12.67倍。
持效性试验表明:烯啶虫胺水剂100mgL处理时对烟粉虱成虫1-15天的校正死亡
率在80.18%-92.13%之间,随着时间的延长,烯啶虫胺对烟粉虱的防效降低,15
天时的校正死亡率仍能达80.18%。
5烯啶虫胺不同处理方法对烟粉虱药效试验表明:喷雾和灌根方法效果较好,
从速效性来说,喷雾好于灌根,从持效性来说,灌根好于喷雾,两种方法均显著
高于单叶施药和涂茎法。
6.用烯啶虫胺对烟粉虱进行了室内抗性选育,并研究了烟粉虱对烯啶虫胺的抗
性现实遗传力和抗性风险。结果表明,经过8代6次选育,烟粉虱对烯啶虫胺抗
性发展缓慢,与选育前相比敏感性降低2,653倍,烟粉虱对烯啶虫胺的抗性现实遗
传力为0.1025,在50%909%6的筛选压力下,要获得10倍抗性,需要约9-21代,
表明烟粉虱对烯啶虫胺有产生抗性的风险。
关键词:烟粉虱,烯啶虫胺,生物活性测定,作用方式,应用技术
李兴东几种防治烟粉虱的药剂评价及烯啶虫胺应用研究
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) is one of the most important pests of greenhouse
vegetables. Control effects of several insecticides on B. tabaci were studied. Action
mode and mechanism of nitenpyram, as well as its application techniques in field and
resistance risk assessment in B tabaci were investigated in this paper. The major results
are as follows:
1. Biological activities and control effects of several insecticides on B. tabaci were
studied. The results of bioassay indicated that the toxicity of abamectin was the highest
(Lcso: 2.286 mg/L) to adult B. tabaci, followed by thiamethoxam, nitenpyram
imidacloprid、 pymetrozine(LCs:6.41mg/L、13.826mgL、36.814mgL、73.621
mgl, respectively ) Buprofezin was most toxin(LC 0: 77.147m/)to eggs of B tabaci,
while abamectin had the highest toxicity to both low and high instar nymph (LC 0: 2.588
mg/L, 4. 440 mg/L, respectively). The Lcso of nitenpyram, thiamethoxam
imidacloprid, pymetrozine to low instar nymph were 6.373 mg/L, 10.744 mgl
25. 311 mg/L, 35. 852 m /L, respectively, while the values to high instar nymph were
9.541mgL、12.800mgL、62.122mgL、87.67mg/L, respectively. The LCS0
Beta-cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, buprofezin to both low and high instar
nymph of B. tabaci were more than 1 15.310 mg/L. The results of field experiments
showed that control efficacy of 1.8% abamectin EC, 10% nitenpyram AS
thiamethoxam WG, 25% pymetrozine WP after 9 days treatment wit