航空汽油发展概述及前景展望.pdf

化工.进展
016年第35卷第8期
CIIEMIICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERIING PROGRESS
a2393
erereveree
综述与专论
航空汽油发展概述及前景展望
旬海,柳华,陈凯,夏祖西,肖勇
(中国民用航空局第二研究所,四川成都610041)
摘要:航空汽油是航空燃籵的重要组成部分。本文论述了国内外航空汽油从车用汽油、含铅航空汽油到无铅航
空汽油,从低辛烷值到高辛烷值航空汽油的发展历程。比较含铅航空汽油和无铅航空汽油标准发现,辛烷值、
铅含量、净热值、芳烃含量等技术指标的要求均有所区別。分析认为,标准技术指标不同的主要原因在于调合
航空汽油的基础油不同。同时,本文指出了使用国产100号航空汽油易造成火花寒积铅、气门娆蚀及气缸密封
性降低等问题。目前美国联邦航空局已经对12家企业生产的102号无铻航空汽油进行审定,计划在2018年取
代现有含铅航空汽油。由于环境保护和节能减排的要求,无铅化及生物汽油都是未来航空汽油的发展方向
关键词:航空燃料;含铅和无铅航空汽油;活塞式发动杋;技术指标;生物汽油
中图分类号:31
文献标志码:A
文章编号:1000-6613(2016)08-2393-0
DOI:10.16085j-is5n.10006613.2016.08.14
Overview of the development of aviation gasoline and its prospect
XANG Hai, LIU Hua, CHENKAI, XIA Zuxi, XIAO Yong
(The Second Rescarch Institute of Civil Aviation Administration ofchina, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China)
Abstract: Aviation gasoline is an important member of aviation fuels. This article discusses the
progress of aviation gasoline at homc and abroad, which undcrgocs a coursc from mobilc gasoline to
Icaded and unleaded aviation gasoline and that from low octane numbcr to high octane numbcr
Comparing the Icaded and unleaded aviation gasoline standards, we find that thcrc arc scvcral diffcrcnt
technical indexes, including octane number, lead content, net heat of combustion, aromatic content etc
he analysis shows the differences in the two standards are because various base oils have been used to
biond avgas. Simultancously, this articlc points out it is possiblc to obscrvc lcad dcposit, valvc ablation
and cylinder sealing reduction in piston engine when using Chinese 100 aviation gasoline. Unleaded
102 avgas produced by 12 manufactures have already been approved by the Federal Aviation
Administration and is planned to replace the leaded avgas in 2018. Because of the demands of
environment protection, energy-saving and emission-reduction, unleaded and bio-gasoline should be
the dcvclopmcnt directions of aviation gasoline
Key words: aviation fuels; leaded and unleaded aviation gasoline; piston engine; technical index
bio-gasoline
航空燃料的发展经历了漫长的历史过程,在同现性能的不断提高。航空汽油作为航空燃料的重要
时期还存在着各种不同种类和型号的燃料体系。组成部分,随着航空业的发展,也在不断进步。
但是归结起米,每一次航空发动机历史性跨越带米
的航空领域重大变革,都会引发航空燃料的迅猛发收稿日期:201512-21:修改稿日期:2016-0130
展和革新。航空燃料的发展离不开航卒发动机,
基金项目:国家白然科学基金民航联研究基金目(U133314)。
同样,没有航空燃料的保障,航空发动机也难以实联系大:集教校级高级工料、m