高铁磷复杂稀有金属矿综合利用研究.pdf

第33卷第6期
矿冷工程
Vol33 No6
2013年12月
MINING AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERNG
December 2013
高铁磷复杂稀有金属矿综合利用研究
刘志强,朱薇,郭秋松,陈怀杰
(广州有色金属研究院,广东广州510650)
摘要:釆用高温还原-磁选分离-浸出工艺从高铁磷复杂稀有金属矿中回收铁磷合金及富集稀有金属。结果表明;在温度1450
℃,保温时间4h下还原,铁磷合金中铁直收率达到82.78%、磷直收率达到64.49%,稀有金属富集物中稀土直收率达到93.4%,铌直
收率达到45%;采用碳酸钠焙烧稀有金属富集物,再通过水浸和酸浸,可以使稀土品位提高到15.40%、铌的品位提高到9.97%,钛品
位提高到3.86%;该工艺稀土直收率达到87.89%,铌直收率达到42.42%。铁磷合金熔分后主要指标达到GB3210-82FeP16牌号
要求。
关键词:稀有金属;稀土;高温还原;磷铁合金;浸出
中图分类号:TD983
文献标识码:A
doi:10.3969/jiss.0253-6099.2013.06.015
文章编号:0253-6099(2013)06-0054-03
Comprehensive Utilization of High Iron-phosphorus
Complex Rare Metals Resources
LIU Zhi-qiang, ZHU Wei, GUO Qiu-song, CHEN Huai-jie
(Guan zhou Research Institute of Non-ferous Metals, Guang 510650, Guangdong, China
Abstract: A high temperature reduction-magnetic separation-leaching flowsheet was introduced to recover iron
phosphorus alloy and enrich rare metals from a high iron-phosphorus complex rare metallic ore. Results showed that
after a reduction at 1 450 C for a holding time of 4 hours, the direct recoveries of iron and phosphorus from iron-
Shosphorus alloy amounted to 82.78% and 64. 49%, respectively, while the direct recoveries of rare earth and niobium
from the enriched rare metallic slag amounted to 93.4 and 45%, respectively. Thereafter, the metallic slag was roasted
with sodium carbonate, followed by water-leaching and acid-leaching, resulting in grades of rare earth, niobium and
titanium increased to 15.40%, 9.97% and 33.86%, respectively. This process can bring direct recoveries of rare earth
and niobium correspondingly up to 87.89 and 42.42%, and result in main indexes of melted iron-phosphorus alloy up
to nalional standard GB3210-82 Fep16
Key words rare metal; rare earth; high temperature reduction; iron-phosphorus alloy; leaching
随着单一易选的稀有金属矿物资源日趋减少,越成单质磷与铁形成铁磷合金,通过磁选,将稀有金属与
来越多的“贫、细、杂”复杂矿物受到关注,它们往往共铁磷合金分离,达到回收铁、磷资源的目的,使钛、铌、
生或伴生,难以选矿分离富集。目前我国内蒙、湖稀土矿物得到富集。
北、新疆以及澳大利亚、加拿大、巴西等地均蕴藏着丰
富的稀有金属资源,矿石中伴生了大量稀土、铌、钛、
实验原料及实验方法
钽、锆、铪等稀有金属,具有重要的开发利用价值2】。1.1原料性质
由于开发技术的滞后,这类复杂稀有金属资源开发利
所用矿样化学成分如表1所示。工艺矿物学研究
用率低或未能工业开采,至今尚宋得到充分的利用。结果表明,该矿石具强烈风化蚀变特征,含有大量的风
某高铁磷复杂稀有金属矿中铁磷高,在湿法冶金过程化蚀变产物一一泥化的纤磷钙铝石和胶状褐铁矿。矿
中,高浓度铁的分离与应用比较困难,成本较高,并且石中没有独立的稀土矿物,稀土主要富集于纤磷钙铝
该矿中含有大量的磷,但磷的品位又不够磷矿的要求。石(88.40%)和褐铁矿(1.47%)中。铌的独立矿物有
因此考虑采用高温还原工艺,将铁还原为粗铁,磷还原铌铁矿和钡锶烧绿石,两者中铌的占有率为24.23%;
①收稿日期;2013-06-28
作者简介:刘志强(1973-),男,湖北赤壁人,教授级高级工程师,硕十,主要研究方向为稀土治金。