不锈钢表面着色与电化学抛光工艺的研究.pdf

山东大学
硕士学位论文
不锈钢表面着色与电化学抛光工艺的研究
姓名:李广武
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:化学工艺
指导教师:张忠诚
20050412
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摘要
本文概述了彩色不锈钢的应用前景和不锈钢着色原理,着色工艺方
法及色膜的性能。述了着色颜色与着色时间,着色电位的关系,以及
色膜封闭处理方法。采用化学着色工艺,在250g“dm铬酐,490g“dm3
硫酸和少量添加剂的混合液中,在70℃左右测定了不锈钢样品在着色过
程中电位随时间的变化,从而找到了不锈钢起色电位和颜色的对应规
律。即使溶液组成,温度稍有变化,色彩也能较好地重现。这将有助于
解决不锈钢表面着色的重现性问题。本文还研究了不锈钢预处理,各种添
加剂和温度对不锈钢着色的影响。
因为不锈钢电解抛光是着色前处理关键一环,采用电化学方法对不
锈钢电解抛光工艺进行了研究。提出抛光溶液采用无铬酸盐的磷酸一硫
酸体系,添加高分子聚乙二醇。抛光溶液组成为磷酸(85%)500g,硫
酸(98%)130g,聚乙ニ醇(18%水溶液)130g。最佳工艺条件为:温
度75~90℃,阳极电流密度8~15A?dm2
同时采用交流方波电解着色法,在250g“dm'3铬酐,490gdm2硫
酸和少量添加剂的混合液中,50℃左右,制备出茶色,蓝色,金黄,政
瑰红,墨绿等颜色的不锈钢表面。通过调节电流密度,方波周期和通电
次数等可获得预期色调的着色膜。
研究结果表明:经过稀硫酸活化和电解抛光的不锈钠着色均匀,色
泽艳丽;不同的添加剂对着色速度有明显的影响;温度升高明显加快着
色速度。聚Z乙二醇能有效地形成粘膜,明显提高不锈钢电解抛光的效果。
该工艺减少了环境污染,降低了溶液成本,可以使不锈钢表面达到镜面
光亮的效果。采用电解着色法,可降低着色液温度,缩短着色时间,颜
色控制较容易,重现性良好;不锈钢电解抛光是着色前处理的关键,直
接影响不锈钢着色后的效果;不锈钢化学着色有很好的均匀性和一致
性。添加剂硫酸锰能加速着色过程,钼酸铵能提高颜色的光泽性,其最
佳含量为:'硫酸锰5~6g4,钼酸铵6~8g/1。依据电位配色原理,选择
促使具有明显起色电位的添加剂,可使不锈钢色调的重现性得到有效的
控制,电位控制法使彩色不锈钢产业化成为可能,具有较大的实用价值。
关键词:不锈钢;着色;化学氧化;电解氧化;电解抛光
山京士俭论よ
ABSTRACT
The app.
lication prospect of colored stainless steel, principle and the
method of its surface-coloring are discussed. The relationships between
the color, time and potential as well as the method of sealing method of
holes are stated in detail. Chemical coloring of stainless steel has been
studied in the solution of 250 g. dm chromium trioxide, 490 g. dm
sulphuric acid and some additives at around 70C. Both the changes of
potential and color with time and the relationship between electrode
potentials and coloring of stainless steel sample have been found out. This
would be helpful with the coloring of stainless steel in reproducibility even
if some changes were taken place in temperature or solution composition
The influences of pretreatment, additives and temperatures on the coloring
have also been studied
The electrolytic polishing of stainless steel is a key of the
pretreatment of coloring stainless steel, thus it has been studied in a
solution of 500g 85% H PO4, 130g 98% H2S04, 130g 18% aqueous
solution of polyethylene glycol. The optimum operation temperatures are
75-90C and the anodic current densities are 815ADN'2
Colored stainless steel may be prepared in brown, blue, yellow, red
green by square-wave AC electrolytic coloring in the solution of 250
g.dm "chromium trioxide, 490g'd-2 su lphuric acid and some additives
at around 50C. Oxide film in the expected tone of such color can be
obtained by controlling current density, square-wave cycle period and
number of the repetition cycles.
The experiment results show that the samples activated in dilute
sulphuric acid and polished by electrolysis have a uniform and bright color,
different additives and higher temperature could increase the coloring rate
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