含硝酸铈的乳化炸药爆轰的制备.pdf

学兔Ww. kululu,com
化
工
进展
400
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS
2013年第32卷第2期
研究开发
含硝酸铈的乳化炸药爆轰的制备
解一超,韩志伟,解立峰
(南京理工大学化工学院,江苏南京210094)
摘要:为研究乳化炸药在爆轰合成纳米氧化铈中的应用,研制了以硝酸饰和硝酸铵为主要氧化剂的乳化炸药。
对不同硝酸铈含量的乳化炸药爆速进行了测试,并利用差示扫描量热仪研究了不同硝酸铈含量的乳化炸药基质
的放热特性。研究结果表明,硝酸铈含量对乳化炸药的爆速具有显著影响,同时也决定了乳化基质的放热量和
放热速率,用于爆轰合成的硝酸铈质量分数以30%~50%为宜。利用硝酸铈质量分数为40%的乳化炸药,采用
爆轰法得到了粒径为70nm、晶型为立方晶系的纳米氧化飾。
关键词:乳化炸药;爆速;姜示扫描量热;爆轰合成;氧化铈
中图分类号:O382
文献标志码:A
文章编号:1000-6613(2013)02-0400-04
DOI:10.3969 J.issn.1000-6613.2013.02.026
Preparation of emulsion explosives with cerium nitrate by detonation
method
XIE Yichao, HAN Zhiwei, XIE Lifeng
( School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China)
Abstract: In order to study the application of emulsion explosives in synthesizing nanosized ceria
emulsion explosives, in which Ce(NO3 )3 6H2O and NHNO; acted as the main oxidant, were prepared
by detonation method. The detonation velocity of emulsion explosives with different content of
Ce(NO3)3 6H2O was measured. Their exothermal character was tested by Differential Scanning
Calorimeter(DSC). Results idicated that the detonation velocity of emulsion explosives was
significantly affected by the content of Ce(NO3 )3 6H O and the content was suggested to be no more
than 50% for emulsion explosives in detonation synthesis. The heat output and the exothermic rate of
emulsion base depended on the content of Ce(/NO )3 6H2O in emulsion explosives, which should be
kept within 30%-50% in detonation synthesis. The content of Ce(NO 6 H2O in emulsion explosives
was 400, the nano ceria size was about 70nm, and crystal form was cubic
Key words: emulsion explosives; detonation velocity; DSC; detonation synthesis; ceria
乳化炸药是一种常见的工业炸药,泛指以氧化可广泛应用于合成超细金刚石、氧化铝、氧化钛
剂水溶液的微细液滴为分散相,悬浮在含有分散气等,具有合成反应速度快、污染小、易放大产量
泡或空心玻璃微球或其它多孔性材料的似油类物质的特点。传统的爆轰合成方法使用的炸药往往是固
构成的连续介质中,形成一种油包水型的特殊乳化态猛炸药,这就使得该方法带有一定的局限性,
体系以。自其被发明以来,由于其具有优良的爆轰如目标产物和混合炸药配方受到限制、不易合成得
特性、良好的抗水性、灵活的配方可选择性、良好到纳米级目标产物等。与猛炸药相比,乳化炸药具
的安全性等优异的性能得到了广泛的应用。爆轰合
成方法是指利用炸药爆轰瞬间产生的高温高压环境
收稿日期:2012-09-15;修改稿日期:2012-10-18
第一作者:解一超(1987~),男,硕士研究生。联系人:解立峰,教
合成新材料,特别是氧化物的方法。爆轰合成方法授,研究方向为爆炸力学及其防护。E- mail xielifeng19 asina. com