陕西狗头枣香精油提取工艺的优化.pdf

Food and Fermentation Technolog
第46卷(第2期)Vo.46,No.2
陕西狗头枣香精油提取工艺的优化
方晓璞
(国家粮食備备局西安油脂科学研究设计院,西安710082)
摘要:以陕西狗头枣中香榭油为研究对象,采用中心组合设计方法考察萃取压力(15MPa~25MPa)、萃取时间
(120min-180min)以及CO2流量(12.5L/h~17.5L/h)的协同作用对狗头枣中香精油提取率的形响。响应面分析结果显
示,响应面回归方程中无失拟因素存在,预值与实测值拟合效果好(R2-=0.9824)。影响香精油提取率的多因子方差
分析结果显示,多因子的协同作用对香精油的提取率有显著形响(P<0.05),其中萃取压力和CO2流量达到极显著水
平(P<0.01),萃取时间为显著水平(P<005)。实验结果表明:当萃取压カ为20MPa,萃取时间170min。CO2流量15L/h,
在此条件下,香油精荻得最优的提取率1.449%。
关键词:狗头枣;香精油;超临界萃取;协同作用;响应面分析
中图分类号:TS201.1
文献标识码:A
文貸编号:1674-506X(2010)02-0069-0004
Optimization of Extraction Technology of Essential Oils from Red Ju ube
FANG Xiao-pu
(Xi n Oils Fats Rese h Design Instit, St A dmis of Gra Resee of.C, Xi n 710082, Chin)
Astract: The objectie of s researh was o aluate he mbined effects of exton pressue(1525mpaexraction
time (120-180 min) and CO2 flux (12 5-17. 5 h )on the extraction rate of essential oils from red jujube. In order to predict
the interaction of factors on the extraction rate, an efficient polynomial equation was developed, based on the response
surface analysis. The results of regression analysis showed a high coefficient of determination alue R of0. 824 for the
response surface model, which suggests a satis actory agreement of the polynomial regression equation with experimental
data. The analysis of variance (ANOVA)indicated that the interactions of different actors, extraction pressure, and CO ux
all had an extremely siif can effect on the extraction rate (<0.01), and extraction time had a significant effeet (<0.05)
The results showed that the optimal x ac on ecology of esential il m re jujube was as ollow: extraction pressure of
20 Mpa, extraction time of170 min, and CO flux of 15 h, then the extraction rate was 1.44%
Keywords: red jujube:; essential oils; supercritical fluid extraction; combined effect; response surface analysis
doi:10.39695is.1674-506X.2010.02-017
红枣是鼠李科枣属植物枣树的果实,是我国特法常会造成馏分损失,且水蒸气蒸馏时,香精油处于
有的果品之一,富含维生素、黄酮苷类、环磷酸腺苷高温下,易水解生成无用杂质;浸取法和吸取法在低
和齐墩果酸等生物活性物质,狗头枣是陕西特有的温条件下操作可避免水解发生,但无法避免香精油
品种,高含维生素、粗纤维、磷、铁等多种微量元素的中溶剂残留的存在,由于溶剂必须通过蒸馏除去,易
含量居各类红枣之首,在制药方面有很高的价值。然于发生不利的热降解反应。超临界流体萃取效果好
而,利用狗头枣提取香精油的生产工艺尚未见报道。萃取提取率高,是理想的萃取方法4?
香精油的提取方法主要有5种:水蒸气蒸馏法、1材料与方法
冷榨法、浸取法、吸取法和超临界流体萃取法。蒸馏
实验材料
收稿日期:2010-03-24
作者简介:方晓璞(1981-),男,硕土,从事粮食油脂加工研究开发,承担多项国家部省级项目。