数控机床几何精度综合解析与试验研究.pdf

第48卷第21期
机械工程学报
Vol48 No21
2012年11月
JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
2012
DOI:10.3901/JME.2012.21.141
数控机床几何精度综合解析与试验硏究”
韩飞飞赵继张雷赵帼娟冀世军
(吉林大学机械科学与工程学院长春130025
摘要:以对机床精度影响较大的几何误差为对象,通过理论与试验相结合,对其进行较深入的研究。基于多体系统理论,综
合考虑各轴定位误差、直线度误差以及角度误差等几何误差元的耦合作用,提出一种机床综合误差建模方法,并在机床坐标
系下建立三轴数控机床综合误差模型。通过利用激光干涉仪的大量试验得出定位误差、直线度误差以及角度误差曲线,分析
证实定位误差相对于直线度误差和角度误差影响更为显著。以此为基础,进一步研究工作空间综合误差在各轴各误差元耦合
作用下的分布和演变规律,发现综合误差在某轴向的分量与该轴的定位误差非常接近,给出定位误差是影响综合误差的决定
性因素的结论。机床几何精度的分析对于机床精度补偿方法的选取与运用具有理论和实际意义。
关键词:多体系统几何误差综合误差模型
中图分类号:TH161
Synthetical Analysis and Experimental Study of the Geometric Accuracy
of CNC Machine Tools
HAN Feifei ZHAO Ji ZHANG Lei ZHAO Guojuan JI Shijun
(College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025)
Abstract: As the main error source of machine tools, the geometric accuracy is studied theoretically and experimentally. A modeling
method of synthesis error is established in the coordinate system of machine tools based on the multi-body system theory, which is
applied to a 3-axis CNC machine tool considering the interaction of error terms such as positioning errors, straightness errors and
angular errors. By using the laser interferometer system, the positioning errors, straightness errors and angular errors are illustrated by
a large number of experiments, which indicates that the positioning errors value is much higher than others. And the distribution and
evolution of the synthesis error subjected to the coupling effect of all axes errors are studied in the workspace further. It is found that
the synthesis error in the direction of a certain axis is close to its positioning error, which proves that the positioning error is the
decisive factor contributing to the synthesis error. The analysis of geometric accuracy is of theoretical and practical significance to
error compensation
Key words: Multi-body system Geometrical error Synthesis error Model
其基础研究分为误差建模与误差测量。
0前
几何误差经典的建模方法主要有矢量法、误差
矩阵法、解析二次型法、机构学法、刚体运动学法
影响机床精度的主要因素有(准)静态的几何误等。在前人研究的基础上,朱建忠等們建立了基
差、动态载荷与机床振动引起的误差、热-机械耦合于变分法的机床误差模型;程强等利用矩阵微分
误差,另外还受到工作环境、控制策略、控制系统法建立了数控机床几何误差敏感度分析模型,同样,
等的影响叫,其中(准)静态的几何误差占总误差的SUN等?借助蒙特卡罗法对3自由度并联机器人进
70%左右2。针对机床精度有较大影响的几何误差,行位姿误差的敏感度分析,均成功识别出若干影响
机床(并联机器人)精度的关键性误差元,但未给出
国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划,201CB706702)和吉林大学研
误差元自身的变化规律与相互关系;王维等?采用
究生创新基金(20121078)资助项目。20120412收到初稿,20120828
收到修改稿
多项式拟合与线性拟合方法建立了机床定位误差的