不同有机物料还田对土壤结构与玉米光合速率的影响.pdf

农业资源与环境学报
Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment
2(014年2月?第31卷?第1期:56-61
Februarv2014?Vol.31?No.1:56-6
不同有机物料还田对土壤结构与玉米光合速率的影响
张久明2,迟风琴1-,宿庆瑞2,匡思俊,张磊…,金梁2,郭文义3,徐军生
(1.黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086;2.黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室,黑龙
江哈尔滨1.50086:3.沈阳军区空军克东副食品生产基地,黑龙江克东161000:4.沈阳军区空军司令部克山农副业基地,黑心江
克山l161600)
摘要:为解決由于长期不合理耕作及有机物料利用率低而导致土壤养分贫瘠和土壤物理性状恶化情況,本试验针对黑土宜板结
和肥力保持等问题设置了不同技术措施,研究在玉米生育时期不同有机物料还H模式对上壤结构特性及玉米光合速率的影响。结
某表明:收获后浅翻深松+秸秆还田和有机肥处理较常规处理,土壤容重下降了0.13g·cm3和0.09g·cm3,浅翻深松+秸秆还田、有
机肥、翻压绿肥和生物肥均能降低土壤紧实度,改普土裏三相比,增加土裏通气透水性,使得土壤物理结构得到改善。有机肥、秸秆
还H和生物肥处理提高玉米喇叭口期光合速率,较常规处理提高2.1~7.6umol-mr2s-;秸秆还田和生物肥较常规施肥处理,蒸腾速
率下降57%和56%;在玉米喇叭口期各处理气孔导度均小于对照,灌浆期秸秆还田处理较常规处理气孔导度増加,导致叶片胞间
CO2浓度下降,说明气孔阻力的降低导致叶片胞间C(2浓度降低。有机物料还田后可以降低土壤容重、紧实度,上壤三项比达到合
理范闱,并且可以提高作物的光合速率,降低蒸腾速率,尤其是秸秆还田和有机肥处理好丁其他处理。保护性耕作和有机物料还
对」提高上壤肥力、改善上壤物理特性,提高作物光合速率,増加作物产量均起到积极促进作用。
关键词:有机物料还田;黑上;光合速率;上壤结构;玉米
中图分类号:S181
文献标志码:A文章编号:2095-6819(2014)01-0056-06doi:10.1.3254/」jarc.2013.0201
Effect of Different Organic Material Turnover on Soil Structure and Maize Photosynthetic Rate
ZHANG Jiu-ming. CHI Feng-qin, SU Qing-rui 2. KUANG Em-jun-, ZHANG Li. JIN Liang. GUO Wen-yi. XU Jun-sheng
(1. Soil Ferlilier and Environmenl Resources Inslilule, Heilongjiang A ademy of Agriculural iences, Harbin 150086, hina: 2. Key I abo-
ratory Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150086, China; 3. Agricultural Nonstaple Food Production
Kedong Base in ir Force of the Shenyang Military Command Area, edong 161000, China; 4. Agricultural Nonstaple Food Production Ke
shan Base in Air Foree ol the Shenyang Mililary Command Area. Keshan 161000, China
Abstract: The effect of different organic ma erial tumer on soil stucture and maize s heti rate was researched in this paper. The
results showed Ihal comparing the conlrol lrealmenl Ihe soil bulk densily of lwo Irealmenls of shallow reversing and chiseling plow wilh straw
returning and organic fertilizer were decreased by 0.13 gcm- and 0.09 gcm, respectively. The application of shallow reversing and chis
eling plow with straw turnover, organic fertilizer. green organic fertilizer and io-fertilizer could reuce soil hardness, change the soil three
phase slate, improve the soil physics slruclure. Organic fertilizer and green organic fertilizer and bio-ferlilizer increased the maine photosyn
thetic rate at trumpet period by 2.1-7.6 wmolm2s.The transpiration rate of straw tumover and bio-fertilizer treatments was decreased by
57G and 56% separately. Conductances of all treatments were lower than that of the control treatment at trumpet period. Meanwhile stomatal
eonduelane was increased al filling slage whih may lead lo Ihe e easing C0 on ntration with the reason thal reducing of small
booster caused the lower C( concentration. turning of organic materials could reduce soil bulk density and com paction. make the soi
收稿日期:201.3-11-11
基金项目:国家科技支撑计划(2013BADO7BO1,2012BADO5BO1);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303126);国家白然科学基金(41171244);黑龙江
省自然科学基金(ZD201113)
作者简介:张久明(1980一),男,黑龙江绥滨人,助理研究员,在读博士,主要从事土壤肥力和3S应用方面研究。E-mail:m_80499163.com