微型水面蒸发器原理与实验设计.pdf

第1期
气象水文海洋仪器
2010年3月
Meteorological, Hye
Irological and Marine Instruments
Mar.2010
微型水面蒸发器原理与实验设计
陈宝群,李晓宁2,李艳花3
1.陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,西安710061;2.国家统计局西安调査队,西安710003;3.西安财经学院管
理学院,西安710063)
摘要:由水面蒸发原理出发,认为把握水面蒸发的能量消耗过程实质是水面蒸发器优化设计
的理论基础,分析表明,与自然水体能量过程接近程度的不同,决定不同蒸发器性能特点。微
型水面蒸发器应该尽可能模拟自然水体,E601型水面蒸发器可以作为微型水面蒸发器优化设
计的重要依据,据此确定了水面蒸发器设计的技术要点,以真空保温杯为实例模型进行了微型
水面蒸发器的水文设计、深度设计、精度设计、测量设计和环境设计。计算结果表明,ME1微
型水面蒸发器设计精度超过现有小型蒸发器精度的5~10倍,体积缩小为FE601型水面蒸发
器的2%,实验证实了水面蒸发器设计深度应该达到60cm,加装安全气囊的微型水面蒸发器
适用于全球环境,土地灌溉理论上可以使得ME-1微型水面蒸发器蒸发环境相当于自然水体。
结论认为,真空绝热技术是微型水面蒸发器优化设计的核心内容,称重测量法是水面蒸发器测
量精度的可靠保障,蒸发与降水过程的隔离以及粉尘通量的扣除是进一步提高微型水面蒸发
器测量精度的重要途径。
关键词:水面蒸发;真空绝热系统;称重法;降水隔离系统
中图分类号:TH765文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-009X(2010)01-0001-05
Principle and experimental design of micro water surface evaporator
Chen Baoqun, Li Xiaoning, Li Yanhua'
(1. College of Tourism and Environment, Shanxi Normal University, Xian 710061; 2. Xian Investigation Team, State
Statistical Bureau, Xi an 710003 3. College of Management, Xi'an University of Finance and Economics, Xi'an
710063)
Abstract: This paper analyzes water surface evaporation principle and grasps essence of energy
consumption in optimization design of water surface evaporator. It indicates that close degree wit
natural water decides different evaporator performance character, further analysis indicates E601 water
surtace evaporator can be taken as design basis of micro evaporator, and determines the technical point
o water surface evaporator design. Taking the example of vacuum insulated cup, the design of
hydrology, depth, accuracy, measurement and environment for the water surface evaporator are carried
out. The computed result indicates that ME-1 micro evaporator may increase the existing evaporator
precision 5 to 10 times, volume of ME-1 water surface evaporator can be reduced to no more than 2%
of E60l water surface evaporator. The experiment proves that the depth of water surface evaporator
should reach 60 cm, the micro water surface evaporator installed air bag is suitable for global
收稿日期:200911-2
基金项目:国家自然科学基金40672108项目资助.
作者简介:陈宝群(1969-),男,博士,讲师.主要从事自然地理研究