全自动化学发光免疫分析仪.pdf

天津大学
硕士学位论文
全自动化学发光免疫分析仪
姓名:张建鹏
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:生物医学工程
旨导教师:李网
20050501
中文摘要
免疫诊断( Immunodiagnostic_)技术是现代临床检验和生命科学研究的重
要手段之一,为肿瘤,糖尿病,性腺分泌异常,甲状腺功能暲碍等疾病提供了
有力的诊断工具。传统使用的放射性免疫分析技术由于其手工操作复杂,反应
时间长,对环境污染性强而逐步被新兴的化学发光免疫分析技术所取代。而全
自动化学发光免疫分析仪的研制涉及到电子,机械,光学,计算机技术,生物
化学等多方面的高科技技术,仪器结构复杂,前期需要巨大的研发费用,目前
国内相关产品的研制尚处于起步阶段。
本文参照国外的相关化学发光免疫分析产品及技术,并针対国内目前状
况,进行了化学发光免疫分析仪的整体设计,并对加样系统、温度控制系统这
两个核心模块进行了具体的设计与实现。
化学发光免疫分析原理:以碱性磷酸酶标记的抗原或抗体为液相载体,以
抗原或抗体包被的塑料珠为固相载体,用底物( AMPPD)作为发光物质,进行
化学发光反应。
化学发光免疫分析系统由以下子系统构成:反应杯传送系统,测试包被珠
装载系统,样本装载系统,条码读取系统,试剂装载系统,加样系统,温育系
统,离心清洗系统,发光计数测量系统,计算机控制系统。
作者设计的化学发光免疫分析仪中的加样系统,采用了L297控制芯片与
L6202电流驱动芯片进行电机控制,与传统的由口线直接模拟时序的控制方式
相比,在省去了复杂的相序编程控制的同时也获得更灵活和精确的控制;在与
加样系统相连的管路设计中,采用新颖的电磁阀流体控制技术实行液体的换向
控制,同时完成探针的加样与清洗,节省了时间,提高了效率;温度采集系统
采用18位精度AD转换芯片MAX132,并采用PID算法对测温模块进行控
制,使温度控制精度可达到0.05℃。
关键词:免疫诊断、化学发光、酶标记、加样、温度控制、PID算法。
ABSITRACT
Immunodiagnostic technology is one of the most significant methods applied in
the modern clinical lab and life-scientific research. The Immunodiagnostic is the
powerful tool to diagnose such diseases as the tumor, diabetes, reproductive, and
thyroid gland, etc. Traditional radioactive immunoassay is gradually replaced by new
emerged chemiluminescence immunoassay technology in the latest decade years due
to its complicated handwork procedure, long reaction time(up to 48 hours), disputed
environment pollution. The full-automatic instrument design involves many high-tech
and in structure-complicated fields like electrons, machinery, optics, the technology of
the computer, biochemistry, etc, otherwise, enormous research and development
expenses will have to be considered in the earlier stage. The research of domestic
relevant products is still at the starting stage at present
This paper consults foreign relevant products and technology, aims at the current
domestic situation, proposes the integrity design of the chemiluminescence
immunoassay. Two key modules, the pipetting system and the temperature control
system, are concretely designed and realized
The system reaction principle: Regards alkaline phosphates enzyme conjugated
to polyclonal antibody or antigen as the liquid phase carrier, the antigen or antibody
coated plastic pearl as the solid carrier, the substrate (AMPPD as the
chemiluminescence materials, to run the clinical assays
The chemiluminescence system is mainly made of following subsystem: The
reaction tube conveyance system; test unit loading system; the sample loading system;
the bar code scanning system; the reagent loading system; pipetting system; wash
system; chemiluminescence counting system, computer control system
The pipetting system adopts the control chip-l297 and the electric current driver
chip-l 6202 to drive the step motors, other than applying the complicated program
control used with DSP(Digital Signal Processing), the pipeline that is linked to the
pipetting system adopts the electromagnetic valve to control the direction of the fluid,
the pipetting system can accomplish the pipetting and washing procedure in one cycle;
The 18-bits high precision A/D chip MAX132 is used in the temperature collecting
the PID (proportional-integral-differential )algorithm is applied to th