食品中农药最大残留限量的现状及制定方法.pdf

第6卷第5期食品安全质量检测学报Vol 6 No 52015年5月Journal of Food Salcly and Quality2015食品中农药最大残留限量的现状及制定方法杨艳红1,姜兆兴2,赵敏2(1.辽宁省产品质量监督检验院,沈阳110032.赤峰出入境检验检疫局,赤峰024000)摘要:食品中农药的最大残留限量(MRI)是保障食品质量安全的重要立法依据,也是指导食品和农产品等生产的关键技术指标。MRIs的制定方法不仅影响农产品行业的持续发展,而且还对提高我国农产品行业的国际竞争力起到积极作用。本文简要介绍目前国内外 MRS标准的现状、涉及农药的种类以及制定农药最大残留限量的依据,概述了基于田间实验数据制定最大残留限量的方法.并且比较了国际上欧盟(EU)北美自由贸易协定( NAFTA)成员国、经济合作与发展组织(OHCI)及农药残留联席会议(JMPR)的限量制定方案。关键词:食品;最大残留限量;现状;制定方法Research on current situation and establishing methods of pesticide maximumresidue limits in foodYANG Yan-hong,JIANG Zhao-xing, ZHAO Min(1. Institite ofprodauct Ouality Supervision and Inspection of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110032, China2. Chi/eng Enin-exil Inspection cd utaantine Bineun, Chifeng 024000, China)ABSTRACT Pesticide maximum residue limit is a critical legislative basis for ood safety and a key technicalindicator to instruct food and agro-products. The establishing methods for MRIS not only influence thesustainable development of agricultural industry, but also play an actively role on the improvement ofnternational competitiveness of Chinese agricultural industry. The current situation and principles employed toestablish maximum residue limits were brielly introduced in this paper. The methods derived Irom field trialswere summarized for setting MRI.s. Meanwhile, the calculation methods proposed by Turopean Onion (0)members of North Amcrican Free Trad Agrecmcnt (NAFTA), Organization for Economic Coopcration andDevelopment(OECD )and Joint Meeting of Pesticide Residues (JMPR) were comparedKEY WORDS: food: maximum residue limits; current situation; establishing method加,我国的农药生产销售和使用量也不断上升。1986年我国农药总产量为10.2万吨?,2011年达到264.9万吨,25农药是农业生产中保证农作物増产丰收的重要生产年间产量扩大了26倍。然而农药的大量生产使用造成空材料。据统计,病虫害造成全世界每年约有10亿吨庄稼减气、水质等环境污染,而且还危及人畜健康。每年我国约产、农药可以挽回其中1/3左右的损失(约合3000亿美有10万以上人次发生农药中毒。除此以外,农药的残留导元)。而我国以占世界7%的耕地养活占世界22%的人口致我国出口的农产品经常被检出超标,造成严重的经济损农药对提高单产、増产增效、防治病虫害、缓解粮食压力失,而且也严重影响我国在世界贸易中的国际竞争力。因满足国民需求起到了至关重要的左右。随着农药需求的增此,了解目前国内外食品中最大残留限量( maximum通讯作者:杨艳红,工程师,主要研究方向为食品、石油化工产品安全研究及检测。T-mai:yanyan160hotmail.comCorresponding author: YANG Yan-hong, Enginccr, Institute of Product Quality Supervision and Inspction of Liaoning Provincc, Shenyang110032,China.E-mail:yanyan0160chotmail.com