生化黄腐酸复合微生物菌肥在大棚甜瓜病害生物综合防治中的应用.pdf

西北大学
硕士学位论文
生化黄腐酸复合微生物菌肥在大棚甜瓜病害生物综合防治中的
应用
姓名:曹慧玲
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:微生物学
指导教师:陈五岭
20090201
摘要
本研究从6株对番茄早疫病菌具有拮抗作用的芽孢杆菌突变株中,通过发酵液拮抗
实验,筛选出两株对4种主要的甜瓜病害病原菌,甜瓜白粉病病原菌、甜瓜枯菱病病原
菌、甜瓜疫病病原薗、甜瓜稻霉病病原菌,均有显著拮抗作用的突变菌株QM34和
QM36,按QM34:QM36=1:1,制备成复合拮抗菌剂。
研究确定了先进的多级发酵工艺,以苹果渣为原料,多级发酵生产优质生化黄腐酸
菌肥。
首次将黄腐酸菌肥与拮抗菌剂合理复配,研发出大棚甜瓜专用的各种生化黄腐酸复
合微生物菌肥,为大棚甜瓜提供全面的营养供给,促进甜瓜生长,提高甜瓜品质,防治
各种病虫害,并确定了各产品在大棚甜瓜上施用的专用配方及其用法和用量。目前肥料
行业中还未见有类似产品。产品经检测符合国家标准GB20287-2006、NY525-2002。
大棚甜瓜病害生物综合防治大田试验结果表明,本研究研发的生化黄腐酸复合微生
物菌肥能够有效综合防治大棚甜瓜各类病害的发生,甜瓜长势良好。与对照组相比,试
验组叶片平均发病率降低了50%,平均叶绿素含量高出34%,糖份高出32%,产量
高出30%,成本降低42%,经济效益和社会效益显著。
科技査新报告表明,该技术在国内外属于首创
该技术已申请国家发明专利,并已通过省级技术鉴定,具有自主知识产权。专利申
请号为200810126385.0
本研究研发的生化黄腐酸复合微生物薗肥可望完全或部分替代化肥和农药,可消除
因大量使用化肥、农药引发的食品安全和环境污染方面的严峻问题。该技术以其无毒、
无害、无污染、高效、低耗,节约能源等卓越优点,在不久的将来会越来越受到人们的
重视,将在绿色农业、经济、生态和社会的可持续发展中起到越来越重要的作用
关键词
甜瓜;病害;生物综合防治:拮抗菌剂;生化黄腐酸;复合微生物菌肥
Abstract
The result of the examination of antagonistic ability of ferment liquid showed that the
mutant QM34 and @M36 had outstanding inhibitory activities to 4 main phytopathogens of
cucumis melon such as Sphaerotheca fuliginea, Fusarium oxysporum fsp, phytophthora
melonis Katsura and Pseudoperonospora cubensis Rostov, among all of 6 wide-spectrums
antagonistic bacteria to Alternaria solani. Then they were mixed as 1: 1 ratios to make
compound antimicrobial community.
The advanced multilevel fermentation process obtained through the study was conducted
to produce high quality biofer ilizer containing biotechnology fulvic acid(BFA)throuh
ermenting pomace
For the first time, biofertilizer containing BFA and compound antimicrobial community
were combined with reasonably to produce compound biofertilizer containing BFA. The
product can provide full nutrition for growthing of cucumis melon planted in large shed
control and prevent diseases, promote their growth and quality. Special ratios, directions and
dosages of the product used for cucumis melon planted in large shed were obtained through
the sdudy. Similar product is not available in fertilizer industry at present. Al targets of the
compound biofertilizer containing BFA were in line with national standard of GB 20287-2006
and NY525-2002
The result of farmland trial of cucumis melon planted in large shed for biological
integrated control indicated that the compound biofertilizer containing BFA obtained through
the study had strong inhibitory activities to diseases of cucumis melon and outstanding ability
of growth-promoting. Compared with the control, for the treatment, incidence of disease of
leaves of cucumis melon decreased 50%, the content of chlorophyl of leaves increased 34%
the content of sugar increased 32%, the output increased 30%, planting cost decreased 42%
on average. Therefore, this technology will bring remarkable economic and social benefits
Searching report for technological innovation shows that the technology is original one at
home and abroad
The technology has applied for national patent and passed provincial technological
appraisal which possessing independent intellectual property rights. The number of the
application for national patent is 200810126385.0