土壤活性有机质及其与土壤质量的关系.pdf

第25卷第3期
生谷学报
Vo1 No. 3
ACTA ECOLOG KA SN KA
Mar.2005
土壤活性有机质及其与土壤质量的关系
王清奎,汪思龙
炜,黄
(1.中国科学院沈阳应用生心研究所,沈阳1100162.中国科学院生怂环境研究中心、,北京100085;
3.中国科学院研究生院,北京100039)
摘要:活性有机质足十壤的重要组成部分,卞要包括溶解性有机碳、微生物生物量、轻组有机质。它在十壤中具有重要作用:(1)
可以表征十物质循坏特征、评价士壤质量,可以作为士壤潜在生产カ以及巾十壤管理措施引起十壤有机质变化的期指标
(2)在养分周转中起重要作用,是植物的养分库,可以提供植物所需要的养分如氮硫等(3)能稳定上壤结构,对维持团枸结
构稳定性有重要作用。从十壤养分、土壤物理化学性质方面讨论了活性有机质与十壤质量的关系。十壤中的溶解性有机碳、微
生物生物量碳级含量与十壤有机碳、?災利碱解氮等物质的含量呈止相关。活性有机质受十壤质地含水量、温度等?素影响
与土壤酸度、I离子交換量等也有关。土嚷微生物生物量碳和微生物量C/有机碳比与土壤粘粒、粉粒含量星正相关、与砂米粒
含显呈负相关
关键词活性有机质;溶解性有机碳:微生物生物量;轻组有机质;十壤质量
Active so ill organ ic matter and its rela tion sh ip with so ill qua lity
WANG Q ing-kui", WANG Silong, FEN G Zong e1, HUANG Yu (1 Instite of App lied cology, C S
Sheny ang 110010, 2 R esearch Center for Eco-environm en tal Sciences, CA S, B eij ing 100085, China, 3 Grad ua te S chool g A cademy
Sciences, B ei ing 100039, Ch ina ).Acta Ecolog ica S in ica, 2005, 25(3): 513-519
Abstract A ctive o il o an ic m attr A SOM is an important so il componcnt, in luccin disso lved organ ic carbon (DO C)
m icro b ial b i m ass B), and light fraction or an ic m alcr OM). In partic lar, soil or an ic m atr(SOM)affects short-
tcm nutricnt tu rno ver and is respon sib lc for tam po rary stab ility of so il structurc A SOM is a m ajor componcnt of b ocha ical
cyclcs of nutricnt clam cnls such as N, P, S, and bo th its qua lity and quan tity crect and contro l prm ary p roductivity. A SOM
has been p ropo sed as a sensitive ind ica to r of early changes in SOM under different anaga ent p ractices such as tillage, straw
inco rpo ration, fire, clear-cutting, or m anure app lication Becau se of its dual ro les as a poo I of labile nutrients and as the agent
of dccompo sitio n of organ ic m aterials in so il, MB m ay bc a scn sitive indica to r of changes in A SOM. This poo I is m po rtan
since it serves as a readily decompo sable substrate for so il m icroo rganism s, a short-tem reservo ir of p lant nutrients, and
fragm ents becom e the cen tre for fo m ation of w ater"stab le aggregates Increa ses in organ ic m atter quantity and especia lly
quality can re su Ited in increa sed N m inera lization po tential and greatly increa sed aggregate stab ility. A SOM w as eva luated as an
index of so il qua lity (Q ) In th is p ap er, the authors discuss on the relation sh ip betw een so il nutrients, physical and chem ical
p roperties and $Q. The quantity and qua lity of A SOM were found to be influenced by so il facto rs such as texture, w ater
content, temperatu re, caton exchange cap acity, and PH va lue A very sign if t po sitive co rre lat ion w as found betw een the
conccntrations of DOC, m icro b ia l biom ass carbon (BC),m icrob ial b om ass nitro gcn BN) and thc concentrations of o il
organ ic carbon, to tal nitrogen and ava ilab le nitro gen MBC and ratio ofm BC to DOC w ere po sitively corre lated w ith soil clay
Ind silt contents, and negatively corre lated w ith soil sand content
Key words: active soil organ ic matter (A OM); disso Ived organ ic carbon (DO); m icro b ial b om ass MB); light fraction
基金项目:中国科学院知识创新工程重要)向课题资助项H(KZCX3-SW-418);国家自然科学基金资助项H(30270268)
收稿目期2004-02-21:修订日期2004-08-15
作者简介:土清奎(1977~)、男,山东县人、博士生、要从事十有机质、十壊质量研究。 Email: wakui163com
*通讯作者 A uthor for co rrcspondencc I T ail: S,Wang2l@ ho tm milcom