营运车辆驾驶员驾驶适宜性暗适应分级评价指标确立.pdf

第30卷第9期
公路交通科技
Vol 30 No 9
2013年9月
Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development
2013
doi:10.3969/ Jo ISSI,1002-0268.2013.09.022
营运车辆驾驶员驾驶适宜性暗适应
分级评价指标确立
张凌超,王生昌,张新锋,杨立本,孟兴凯
(长安大学汽车学院,陕西西安710064)
摘要:暗适应作为驾驶适宜性的一个重要检测项目,影响驾驶员行车安全,需要制定其检测评价指标。介绍了暗适
应的检测仪器与方法,然后合理地从5167名营运丰辆驾驶贡检测数据中选择出4596个有效样本,从样本体特征
得到样本分布情况;通过对样本的处理与分析,得出暗适应与年龄及事故次数间存在显著性,以及事故组驾驶黃暗
适应检均值与年龄、驾龄间关系;最后验证了样本数掲和设备的有效性,通过单因素方差分析与K-均值聚类法,
接照年龄以40岁为界进行分组,计算确定出不同年龄区间的暗适应评价指标值。
关键词:交通工程;驾驶员;统计;评价指标;暗适应;驾驶适宜性
中图分类号:U491.254
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1002-0268(2013)09-0140-05
Establishing Graded Evaluation Indexes of Dark-adaptation for
Commercial Vehicle Drivers
ZHANG Iing-chao, WANG Sheng-chang, ZHANG Xin-feng, YANG Li-ben, MENG Xing-kai
School of Automobile, Chang'an University, Xi an Shaanxi 710064, China)
Abstract: As an important item of driving suitability test, dark-adaptation influences the driving safety
which needs to formulate evaluation inde. Fist, the dark-adaptation detection instruments and methods are
introduced. Then, 4 56 effective samples are reasonably chosen from 5 167 operating vehicle drivers, which
get the sample distribution from the general sample characteristics. By processing and analyzing these
samples, it is found that there are significance between dark-adaptation and age, and the relation of accident
number, and the relation between detected mean value of dark-adaptation with age and driving age of drivers
of accident group are obtained. inally, the effectiveness of sample data and equipment are verified. The
dark-adaptation evaluation index values are calculated by the methods of one way ANOVA and K-means
clustering based on grouping the ages by 40 years old
Key words traffic engineering; driver; statitics; evaluation index; dark-adaptation; driving suitability
操作的安全性影响很大
0引言
人从光亮的地方进人黑暗的地方,开始视党感
众所周知,视党作为人类重要的感知能力,提受性很差,然后又逐渐提高,这个过程称为暗适应。
供了日常生活和工作所需的80%以上信息。尤其对统计数据表明,驾驶员暗适应平均约需108,而在
于汽车驾驶员,车辆行驶过程中80%-90%的信息这段时间内汽车实际已行驶了相当长一段路程(车
是通过视觉获得的,所以驾驶员的视觉机能对驾驶速为50km/h时,距离为140m),期间驾驶员基本
收稿日期;2012-06~-07
基金项目:“十ー五“国家科技支计划重大项目(2009RAG13A04)
作者简介:张凌超(1986-),男,山东烟台人,博士研究生,(naturelovet@126.com)
万方数据