氟代烃类发泡剂的研究进展.pdf

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化工进展
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CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS
2014年第33卷第7期
进展与述评
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氟代烃类发泡剂的研究进展
赵波,陆居有,毛伟,王博,吕剑
(西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065)
摘要:氟代烃类具有沸程短、发泡效率高、与发泡基质溶解性妡等特点,因其独特的保温性能广泛应用于聚氪
酯材料。由于CFCs、 HCFCS发泡剂破坏臭氧层,而HFCs类发泡剂温室效应显著,新型发泡剂的设计研发备受
氟化工行业关注。本文通过对氟代烃制备方法及降解过程的介绍,综述了此类发泡剂分子结构的演变历程,指
出新型发泡分子可能具有的结构特征:①碳链更长;②具有C一0、C=C等键;③分子内氟原子含量更多。设
计时,通过计算化学精确预佶化合物的物化性能,减少实验工作量;合成时,采用醋化、加氯等新工艺高效引
入C-0、C-C等键;改进氟化催化体系,提高氟源转化率等方面研究,是含氟发泡剂设计合成研究的发展
方向。
关键词:氟代烃;发泡剂;分子结构
中图分类号:TQ222.4
文献标志码:A文章编号:1000-6613(2014)07-1864-07
DOI:10.39699-.,1000-6613.2014.07,.035
Progress in fluorocarbon blowing agent
ZHAO Bo, LU Juyou, M4O Wei, WANG Bo, LU Jian
(Xi an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi, China)
Abstract: Several fluorocarbons have been used as a blowing agent(BA)with short boiling range
high blowing efficiency, good compatibility and chemical stability, where thermal insulation is the
main priority, CFCS and HCFCS which belong to the ozone depletion substances destroy stratosphere
ozone via photochemical cycles, and HFCS will alter the radiation balance of earth's atmosphere due to
the build up of infrared absorbing. Designation and composition blowing molecules that meet both
environment and economy is thus needed. The review starts with a brief introduction on the
improvement of molecule structure of fluorocarbons, as well as their synthetic methods. The new
generation alternatives characterized as: longer carbon chain, involving C-O or C=C bonds, and
containing more fluorine atoms. A large mount of experimental works could be minimized by
computational chemistry and structure-property relationship analysis, more effective and economica
catalytic fluorination manufacturing process is always favored, and some other features including
toxicity, physical property, environment assessment, engineering process are also of fundamental
lmportance
Key words: fluorocarbons: blowing agent; molecular structure
聚氨酯材料是一类多功能型的聚合物制品,由性制品则主要用于各种保温制品。氟代烷烃类作
异氰酸酯和多元醇通过聚合反应制得,在此过程中为一种物理有机发泡剂具有沸点低、沸程短、发泡
通过改变发泡剂比例,加入不同类型辅剂等手段控
制发泡过程,能够制得不同用途的发泡材料见图1。
收稿日期:2013-12-12;修改稿日期:2014-01-0
第一作者:赵波(1983-),男,博士研究生。联系人:吕剑,研究员,
例如:柔性的聚氨酯发泡制品被用作缓冲材料,刚博士生导师。E- mail lujian040263,nc