6061-T651铝合金薄板接头的焊接变形.pdf

第24卷第10期
中国有色金属学报
2014年10月
Volume 24 Number 10
October 2014
文章编号:1004-0609(2014)10-2435-08
6061-T651铝合金薄板接头的焊接变形
叶延洪,何静,蔡建鹏,孙加民,邓徳安
(重庆大学材料科学与工程学院,重庆400044
摘要:基于有限元软件 ABAQUS,开发可同时考虑材料非线性、几何非线性和移动热源的热一弹一塑性有限元
计算方法来模拟焊接过程中的热一力学耦合行为。以3mm厚的6061-T651铝合金薄板TG焊单道重熔和MG对
接接头为例,模拟分析焊接过程中的温度场、残余应力和焊接变形。同时,采用实验方法测量两种焊接接头的横
向收缩和面外变形。结果表明:数值计算所得到的横向收缩、角变形与实验测量结果十分吻合,验证所开发的有
限元计算方法的有效性。此外,基于数值模拟结果和实验结果验证了铝合金薄板焊接接头面外变形的形成机理。
关键词:铝合金;横向收缩;面外变形;数值模拟
中图分类号:TG40
文献标志码:A
Welding deformations of 6061-T651 Al alloy thin-plate joints
YE Yan-hong, HE Jing, CAI Jian-peng, SUN Jia-min, DENG De-an
(College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongging University, Chongqing 400044, China)
Abstract: Based on the commercial software ABAQUS, a thermo-elastic-plastic finite element method(t-e-p FEM)was
developed in consideration of material nonlinearity, geometrical nonlinearity and movin heat source to simulate the
thermo-mechanical behavior during welding process. The welding tempera ure fields, residual stress distribution and
deformation in a thin-plate bead-on joint performed by TIG welding process and those in a butt joint with V-groove
welded by MIG welding process were simulated. Meanwhile, the transverse shrinkages and out-of-plane deformations in
thin-plate welded joints were measured by experiments. The transverse shrinkages and the out-of-deformations simulated
by the T-E-P FEM are in good agreement with the measured data, and the effectiveness of the developed computational
approach was verified by experiment. In addition, the formation mechanisms of out-of-plane deformation in thin-plate Al
alloy joints were clarified based on the numerical and experimental results.
Key words: aluminum alloy; transverse shrinkage; out-of-plane deformation; numerical simulation
随着交通运输领域对降低能耗的要求越来越高,注
运输工具的轻质化设计与制造越来越受到重视。铝合
与钢铁材料相比,铝合金的导热系数大、弹性模
金、镁合金及高强钢等轻量化结构材料正在逐步取代量低以及热膨胀系数大,因此,铝合金构件在焊接过
传统的结构材料如低碳钢。铝合金由于其优越的综合程中更容易产生较大的变形。焊接变形不仅会降低
力学性能、良好的抗腐蚀能力和较好的加工性能,在结构的制造精度,而且在工作载荷的作用下还会引起附
交通工具中得到越来越广泛的应用。与此同时,交加弯矩,从而造成结构早期失效。此外,矫正焊接变
通工具中铝合金结构的焊接问题也受到越来越多的关形不仅需要有熟练的技能,而且还会增加工时和制造
基金项目:重庆市自然科学基金资助项目CSTC(2010BB4060)
收稿日期:2013-12-18;修订日期:2014-07-20
通信作者:邓德安,博士,教授;电话:023-65122079;E-mai:deandeng@equ,edu.cn