4合式生物除臭反应器处理城市污水处理厂恶臭气体.pdf

第1卷第7期
境工程学报
Vol. 1
2007年7
Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering
Jul.2007
复合式生物除臭反应器处理城市污水
处理厂恶臭气体
刘建伟刘俊新李琳
(中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085)
摘要采用复合式生物除臭反应器处理北京某城市污水处理厂污泥浓缩池和脱水间散发的恶臭气体,研究了反应
器对恶臭气体的净化效果和微生物悬浮生长区与附着生长区内的生物特性及对恶臭污染物的去除能力。该污水处理厂的
恶臭气体中主要发臭物质为硫化氢和氨,除臭反应器的运行结果表明,在设备稳定运行期间,进气中硫化氢和氨的浓度分
别为0.21~2.61mg/m2和0.1-0.5mg/m3,而出气中硫化氢浓度在0-0.06mg/m2,氨浓度为0~0.02mg/m3。对反应
器内部测试表明,微生物悬浮生长区和附着生长区对硫化氢和氨都有一定的去除,但去除机理不同。硫化氢主要被附着生
长区的嗜酸性硫细菌生物氧化,少量硫化氢在悬浮区溶于水被中性硫细菌氧化;氨主要在悬浮区靠生物硝化作用去除,少
部分氨在附着区被去除,且多因化学中和作用转移到填料所含的水中。
关键词生物除臭城市污水处理厂恶臭气体硫化氢氨
中图分类号X512文献标识码A文章编号1673-9108(2007)07-0078-05
Odors removal in sewage treatment plant using a combined bioreactor
Liu Jianwei Liu Junxin Li Lin
Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085)
Abstract A combined-bioreactor, consisting of a suspension-growth zone and an attachment-growth zone
was developed to treat odors in a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Beijing. The main odor materials emit-
ted from sludge thickening tank and sludge dewatering facility were H S and NH,. Elimination capacities of
odors, effect factors and microbiological characteristic in the individual zone were investigated in this study. Re-
sults showed that the inlet concentrations of H, S and NH were 0. 21 m22.61 mg/mand 0. 1-0.5 mg/m, re-
spectively. During the period of steady treatment, the effluent concentrations reduced to 0-0. 06 mg/m for H, 5
and O-O.02 mg/mfor NH, H, S and NH could be removed effectively in the combined bioreactor. However,
their removal mechanisms in the suspension-growth zone were very deferent from that in the attachment-growth
zone. Most of H, S were biooxidized by acidophilic hiobacilli in the attachment-growth zone while less H,S wa
dissolved in the water or biooxidized by non-acidophilic Thiobacill in the suspension-growth zone. Much more
NH were removed by nitration in the suspension-growth zone, only few NH, transferred to aqueous phase by
chemical neutralization in the attachment-growth zone
Key words biological deodorization municipal wastewater treatment plant; odors; hydrogen sulfide; am-
在城市污水处理厂运行过程中,特别在污泥浓市污水处理厂恶臭气体对周围环境及居民生活的影
缩、脱水过程中会产生大量的恶臭气体,发臭物质包响,一些发达国家先后制定和逐步完善了一些相关
括还原性硫化物、氨、苯、甲苯和氯化物等叫。这些标准。我国于1994年1月15日和2003年7月1
污染物具有易挥发、嗅阈值低等特点,不仅严重污染日起分别实施了《恶臭污染物排放标准》(GB14554
周边居民的生活环境,危害人体健康,而且对污水处
理厂的设备具有强烈腐蚀性。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(50238050)
收稿日期:2007-03-23;修订日期:2007-06-04
随着社会经济的发展、生活水平的提高和公众作者简介:刘建伟(1979~),男,博土研究生,主要从事废气生物处
环境意识的日益增强,城市污水处理厂的恶臭污染
理技术研究工作。E-mal: liujw222@ sohu,com
也就成为亟待解决的首要问题。为了防止和消除城通讯联系人,E-mai: s jxliu@ rcees. ac.n
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