隐忧与应对电子浆料技术发展中的新环境风险.pdf

2016年第10期
科技管理研究
Science and Technology Management Research
2016No.10
doi:10.3969/j.jssn.1000-7695.2016.10.042
隐忧与应对:电子浆料技术发展中的新环境风险
刘宏钊,陈立桥2
(1.重庆大学法学院,重庆400045;
2.浙江海洋学院,浙江舟山316000)
摘要;针对电子元器件制作中所需的一类重要的材料一一电子浆料的技术进步和发展所帯来的新的、潜在的环
境问题进行分析,从产品制备、使用到作为电子废弃物丢弃这一完整过程对环境的影响进行综合比对阐述,认
为金属导电相的纳米化、贱金属化和低温固化方向的发展都存在着新的、甚至更大的环境风险。这种风险既有
客观的技术因素,也有主观的意识原因,现有相关法规及管理措施也未能对这些风险进行有效的管控。因此
在应用电子桨料新技术的同时,亟需从生产管理及法律等方面加强其对环境影响的风险评估和防控,才能真正
实现科技与环境的协调、可持续发展。
关键词:电子浆料;技术发展;新环境风险;环境风险管控
中图分类号:403.6;F272.35文献标志码:A
文章编号:1000-7695(2016)10-0237-06
Concerns and Response: New Environmental Risks Brought
by the Technology Development of Electronic Paste
LIU Hongzhao, CHEN Liqiao
(1. School of Law, Chongging University, Chongging 400045, China;
2. Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
Abstract It is said that"science and technology is a doule-eged sword. The improvement and revolution of technology
omotes the development of society, but the environmental risks brought by new technology should be more focused by a compre
hensive awareness, evaluation, prevention and control. Eletronic stes are a type of important materials manufactured for elec
tronic components. In this paper, the new, underlying environmental problems brought by technological progress and develop-
ment were analyzed. Comparing from the preparation routes, course of using and subsequent damage as electronic waste to the
environment, some new or greater environmental risks may appear due to the application of nano-metal conductive powders, the
development of the base metals instead of precious metals and the trend of low temperature curing pastes. The risks are partly
from obiective technical factors, and also have the reasons of the subiective consciousness. However, the current laws and regula
tons have not een able o effectively contrl the risks. Therefore, t is impor ant o strengthen the prevention and control of the
environmental risks through production management and law when new technology is applied. Only in that way, the coordinated
development of social progress and environment-friendly could be realized
Key words: electronic paste; technology development; new environmental risks; environmental risk management and control
电子浆料是由悬浮在有机载体中的粉末状导电的基础材料。几乎所有的电子电气设备中都有电
金属,无机或高分子粘结剂构成的固体颗粒或有机子浆料存在,然而,电子浆料在制备和使用过程中
液体混合的体系。这种流体材料通过印刷等方式应产生的金属离子、单质及其氧化物等随废水进入地
用于电子元器件中,形成具有特定电学功能模块,表,有机物挥发到空气中产生污染,余下成分伴随
是厚膜混合集成电路、片式元器件、光伏器件、柔着电子元器件的丢弃而成为了电子废料,这些已成
性电池、电光器件、显示器、逻辑和存储器组件,为破坏生态环境及影响人类健康的重要风险源。针
包括场效应晶体管(FET)和薄膜晶体管(TFT),对这些污染带来的环境问题,环境研究人员对污染
传感器阵列和射频识別(RFID)标签等多种元器件的来源、危害性与机理及电子废弃物的回收等问题
收稿日期:2015-07-23,修回日期:2015-11-10
基金项目:国家社科基金重大项目“我国再生资源产业顶层设计与发展实现路径研究”(128ZD209);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地
重大项目“生产者责任延伸制度的理论与实践”(14JD82000;国家自然科学基金项目“银钯复合微纳米晶的可控制备及其
结构稳定性的微观机理”(51261008)