基于缓释肥的侧条施肥技术对水稻产量和氮素流失的影响.pdf

农业环境科学学报2012,31(3):55562
Journal of Agro-environment Seience
基于缓释肥的侧条施肥技术对水稻产量和
氮素流失的影响
张爱平,刘汝亮2,杨世琦,张睛雯,李友宏2,杨正礼
(1.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081;2.宁夏农林科学院,银川750002)
摘要:研究了侧条施肥技术条件下不同缓释肥用量对水稻产量和氮素流失特征的影响。与不施肥处理(CK)和农民常规施肥处理
(FP)比较,利用侧条施肥技术高缓释肥处理(HF)水稻氮素投入比农民常规施肥处理(FP)降低约40%,水稻产量没有降低,穗粒数
和千粒重分别比农民常规施肥处理增加17.0%和16.6%。缓释肥各处理氮素回收率在54.5%~635%之间,高于常规施肥处理的
36.9%。常规施肥处理田面水NH:和TN在施肥后3d内即可达到最大值,随时问推移下降较快,而高缓释肥处理田面水NO5含量在
施肥30d后オ降到最低;以尿素为氮源,施肥后的前9d是防止氮素流失的关键时期,以缓释肥为氮源,则前30d是防止氮素流失
的重要时期。氮素渗漏淋失主要发生在生育前期,以NO-N形态为主,占全氮流失量的64.8%~70.3%之间,高缓释肥处理的全氮渗
漏损失量(14.86kg-hm2)比当地农民常规施肥处理(23.43kg:hm2)减少8.57kg?hm2。综合考虑水稻产量和环境效益,侧条施肥技
术可作为一种资源节约和环境友好的施肥技术在水稻种植上应用。
关键词:侧条施肥技术;缓释肥;氮流失;水环境
中图分类号:S147.2文献标志码:A文章编号:1672-2043(2012)03-055508
Effect of Side Bar Fertilization Technology Based on Slow-release Fertilizer on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Losses
ZHANG Ai-ping, LIU Ru-liang, YANG Shi-qi ZHANG Qing-wen, II You-hong, YANG Zheng-li
(1. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture CAAS, Beijing 100081, China; 2. Ningx a Agriculture and Forest A-
cademy, Yinchuan 750002, China)
Abstract: Side bar fertilization technology based on slow-release fertilizer is recognized as being the most mature environment-friendly tech-
nology and having good operability by the experts in Japan, but theres little application in China. Focusing on the effect on water quality of
such typical pollu ants like nitro e(N)om e im ga ed areas in the upper reaches of the Yellow River we studied the effect of side bar fer
tilization technology based on slow release fertilizer on rice yield and nitrogen losses. There were 5 treatments in this experiment, no fertilizer
treatment (CK low quantit of slow-melease fertilizer treatment( ) middle quantity of slowrelease fertilizer reatment(MF), high quanti
ty of slow-release fertilizer treatment(HF)and conventional fertilizer treatment(FP) The slow-release fertilizer was used as basal which
was provided by Shikefeng Chemical Industry. CD, ITD and the nitrogen content was 23.0%. We used side bar fertilization machine which
was introduced by Japanese experts to transplant rice on June 14 and the harvest time was September 26. The results were as follows; the side
bar fertilization technology based on high quantity of slow-release fertilizer treatment(HF)reduced the amount of nitrogen applied by ap
proximately 40% compared o conventional er ilizer treatments(FP) but had no remarkable effects on rice yields while the number of ear and
the weight of thousand ear of rice were increased 17. and 16,.6% respectively. The nitrogen recovery of slow-release fertilizer treatments
ere from 54.5 o 63.5 which were hi er than coventional amen The conention of NH and TN in su ace water peaked efore
the third day after ertilizer application. The NO amount in su ace water of high quantity of slow-release fertilizer treatment(HF)brought
down to the lowest level after 30 d. When ompared with high quantity of slow-release fertilizer treatment(H), conventional fertilizer treat
收稿日期:2011-09-19
基金项目:中央公益型科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(BSRF201009);水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2009X07212-004);中日JICA项目
Ⅱ期
作者简介:张爱平(1980-),女,山西朔州人,博士,主要从事农业污染防治和生态保护研究。E-mail:apzhangf0601@126.com
通讯作者:杨正礼E-mail: ziyang426@126c0m
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