五金工具助推我国轨道交通装备制造业.pdf

特约时评
五金工具助推我国轨道交通装备制造业
孙章
《城市轨道交通研究》主编、同济大学教授)
由中国五金交电化工商业协会风动器具分会主办、同济大学《城市轨道交通研究》杂志
社协办、长春轨道客车股份有限公司承办的“工具技术推广交流大会”日前在长春成功举
办。活动受到各方好评,开启了工具行业与轨道交通装备制造业联合研发专用工具之先河。
孔子在《论语卫灵公》中提出:“工欲善其事,必先利其器。”这一关于工具的智慧,
2500多年来启迪了一代又一代中华儿女。对于“器”,《周易》给出的定义是:“形而上
者谓之道,形而下者谓之器。”人类文明与器的进步密切相关:石器、青铜器、铁器、机
器……人们往往用器来标注人类社会的不同历史阶段。
工具乃造器之器,是“器的平方”。技术科学就是对于器的认识。说到底,技术进步都是器的创造。
工具和工业机器人是人类手的延伸,而列车的转向架、轮对则是腿脚的延伸。今天,五金工具行业与轨道车
辆制造业在这里携手,真正体现了“手足之情”。
截至2013年底,我国投入运营的高速铁路达29条,运营线路总长超过了1.1万km,占世界高铁总长一半
以上。目前,中国北车股份有限公司(简称“中国北车”)、中国南车股份有限公司(简称“中国南
车”)两大集团已位居全球轨道交通装备企业的冠亚军:2012年,中国北车销售收入达146.96亿美元,中国
南车以143.82亿美元的销售收入紧随其后,均超过了加拿大庞巴迪(81.4亿美元)、德国西门子(77.29亿美
元)、法国阿尔斯通(70.28亿美元)、日本川崎(13.83亿美元)等企业。截至2012年,我国已生产动车组
50列;仅2012年,轨道客车产量就达8200辆(其中含动车1978辆,同比增长70%)。至2013年底,我国内
地城市轨道交通运营线路总长2326km,若按平均每公里配属6辆车计算,则目前已投入运营的车辆已达
14000辆左右。以“接轨世界,牵引未来”的中国北车为例,现已拥有年新造铁路客车和动车2300辆、城
市轨道车辆1100辆、各型货车26000辆,以及年修理客车2500辆、各型货车32000辆的能力,其产品已出
口到30多个国家和地区。可见,我国已成为全球轨道车辆增速最快和最重要的新兴市场。面临“加快发展
铁路、城市轨道交通”的大好形势,必然给制造、维修轨道交通车辆的五金工具行业带来新的发展机遇。
2014年,中国北车及中国南车正在研发具有完全知识产权的时速350km新型高速列车。为此,笔者呼
吁,我国的五金工具行业与轨道交通装备制造业应实现强强联合,共同开发具有完全知识产权的成套轨道
车辆专用工具。
(本文为作者2014年6月23日在中国北车长春轨道客车股份有限公司“工具技术推广交流大会”上的演讲摘要)
中中中中中中中中中中
王 Special Commentary
Hardware Tools Boost Rail Transportation Equipment Manufacturing Industry
Sun Zhang
(Chief Editor of UMT, Professor of Tongji University)
Changchun, which was hosted by the Pneumatic Instrument Branch of China National Hardi,Successfully in
Chemical Products Commercial Association, assisted by the"Urban Mass Transit Research"Magazine Press of
Tongji University, and undertaken by Changchun Railway Passenger Vehicles Co, Ltd. These activities have
received high praise, and have set a precedent of joint research and development of special tools between the tool
industry and the rail transit equipment manufacturing industry
In Wei Linggong of the Analects of Confucius, Confucius put forward that "A craftsman, if he means to do goo
work, must first sharpen his tools. " This wisdom about tools has inspired generation after generation of Chinese
people for more than 2 500 years. For"device", the definition given by" Ching: Book of Changes "is that"Above
all the objects of the earth", there is something that is called"Reason"or"", which has no bod
measurements, is abstract, shapeless and invisible, and which everything on the earth has; below all the objects of
the earth (also including these objects), there is something that is called" Device", whose shape could be identified
and which is a concrete thing. The human civilization and progress are closely related to"", such as stone
vessel, bronze ware, ironware, machine, and etc. People often tend to use" to label different historical stages
of human society.
Tools are just those devices for making new devices. They are"the square of devices". Technical sciences are just
cognition for devices. In the final analysis, technology advances are just device-creating. Tools and industrial robots
are an extension of humans hands, while train bogie and wheel-set are extension of the human legs. Today
hardware tools and railcars manufacturing industry work together here. This really reflects the"brotherly affection"
At present, the two major groups, China North Locomotive and Rolling St