封头坯料拼焊成形焊接残余应力分析.pdf

第49卷第10期
机械工程学报
Vol 49 No 10
2013年5月
JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
y
2013
DOI:10.390I/JME.2013.10.127
封头坯料拼焊成形焊接残余应力分析
罗征志曾京2方华伟3
(1.西南交通大学机械工程学院成都610031:
2.西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室成都610031;
3.重庆铁马专用车有限公司技术中心重庆402260)
摘要:研究旋压封头坯料双面多道次拼焊过程残余应力分布规律。对封头材料Q345R进行焊接工艺和材料性能分析,然后
使用 SYSWELD软件对封头坯料多道次拼焊焊接工艺过程进行数值模拟。根据焊接模拟结果对封头坯料拼焊过程中的温度
场、焊接变形和焊接残余应力分布进行分析,并给出上下表面横向残余应力和纵向残余应力以及厚度方向残余应力的分布曲
线。研究表明,Q345R封头坯料焊接之后,焊接残余应力分布较复杂,残余应力偏高,尤其焊缝区内部存在高残余应力区
高残余应力易使坯料在后续旋压过程中产生开裂缺陷。根据模拟结果制定合理的消除残余应力热处理工艺,并通过试验验证
仿真结果的有效性和可靠性。该研究方法为实现大型封头焊接质量预测和控制,以及类似产品的加工工艺制定提供有效手段。
关键词:封头坯料多道焊残余应力数值模拟
中图分类号:TG404
Welding Residual Stress Analysis for Welding Forming of Heads Blank
LUO Zhengzhi ZENG Jing FANG Huawei
(1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031;
2. Traction Power State Key Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031;
3. Research Centre, Chongging Tiema Special Vehicles Co, Ltd, Chongqing 402260
Abstract: Residual stress distribution of double-sided multi-pass welding in the course of spinning heads welding is studied. The
welding process and material property of Q345R material for heads blank is analyzed. And then the multi-pass welding process of the
blank is simulated with SYSWELD software, According to the welding simulation, the temperature field, welding deformation and
welding residual stress are analyzed. Then, distribution curves of transverse residual stress and longitudinal residual stress on the top
and the bottom surface, and along the thick direction are given. It indicates that the distributions of the welding residual stress are
complicated, while the residual stress values especially in the weld zone are too large after the Q345R blank welding. The high
residual stress in the weld zone can cause cracks in followed spinning process. According to the simulation results, a reasonable
heat-treatment process is considered and implemented to relief the residual stress. The experiments of blank welding and spinning
verified that the simulation results are valid and reliable. The research method provides an effective measure for the forecast and
control of the large heads multi-pass welding and the determination of the manufacturing process of similar products
Key words: Blank of heads Multi-pass welding Residual stress Numerical simulation
型封头由于尺寸较大,其所需坯料材料一般是由封
0前言
头制造厂商进行拼装焊接得到。坯料焊接质量好坏,
直接关系封头冲压成形质量及其罐车实际使用寿命
火车和汽车用罐车封头、化工用罐体等大型压和安全可靠性。沈利民等对Q345R材料焊接接头
力容器生产中,常用材料为Q345R。Q345R材料
性能进行研究。刘华等研究认为,过高的焊接残
般具有化工用板材特质外,就材料成形性能方面,
余应力易造成焊缝开裂,通过焊后热处理工艺能有
其通常还具有良好的焊接性能和冲压成形性能。大效降低焊接残余应力,蒋文春等还对合理的热处
理工艺条件进行了研究。尤其是多道次焊接过程中,
各道次焊缝相互影响后所呈现的变形和应力分布极
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