中低温煤焦油沥青质的分离与表征.pdf

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本科毕业论文(设计)
题目:中低温煤焦油沥青质的分离与表征
学生姓名徐坚
学号2009115108
指导教师李稳宏
院系化工学院
专业制工程
年级2009级
教务处制
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摘要
进入二十一世纪以来,全球石油资源日益枯竭,而我国正处于经济高速发展的关键阶段,
能源的消耗和利用也水涨船高,仅靠从国外进口石油资源日渐不能满足工业的需求,寻求新
的燃料资源迫在眉睫。利用煤热解副产的煤焦油,通过加氢制备汽、奘油就是缓解石油资源
紧缺的重要途径之
将重质油转化为轻质燃料过程中,沥青质不仅因其分子量高、芳香度高、东原子含量高
而难以加工,分子结构复杂,特别是含有高度缩合的大芳香核结构,容易形成积碳沉积在催
化剂上,是导致催化剂失活的主要原因,更为重要的是沥青质容易在设备内生成沉积物,造
成管道堵塞和降低换热器的传热效果,缩短装置运转周期,还会影响产品的安定性。因此,
深入理解和掌握煤焦油中沥青质重组分的组成、结构、性质等研究是充分开发和利用重质煤
焦油资源的理论基础,为提高沥青质的轻质化转化率,并避免沥青质的缩合生焦反应等问题
提供理论基础。研究结果为中低温煤焦油原料预处理提供了一条新的途径,对合理利用中低
温煤焦油资源、推动煤焦油行业的快速发展,促进地方经济可持续发展具有重要的现实意义
和长远的战略意义
本文针对此现状,首先对中低温煤焦油的性质进行研究,其次对煤焦油族组分进行分离,
采用芳烃溶解烷烃沉淀的方法分离出沥青质,并利用元素分析、凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)
IH-NMR、IR光谱及紫外光谱全波长分析等手段对其进行表征
关键词:中低温煤焦油,沥青质,性质分析,甲苯不溶物
Abstract
Our country is in a crucial period of rapid economic growth, energy consumption increasing
faster, global oil resources had been drying up, since entering the 2 Ist century. Finding new fuel
resources is extremely imminent because of the needs increasingly of industry not met by
imported from abroad oil resources. Then, gas oil and diesel oil utilizing coal tar hydrogenated the
product of coal pyrolysis is one of the important ways to ease the shortage of oil resources
In the process of converting heavy oil to light fuel, many problems have attended. Firstly, it
difficult to be treated because of its high molecular weight asphaltene, aromatic and high
heteroatom content. What's more, asphaltenes are the main cause catalyst deactivation due to easy
formation of coke deposited on the catalyst. More importantly, asphaltene sediments easil
generated within the device, causing the heat exchanger pipe blockage and lower the heat transfer
effect, shortens operating cycle, but also affect the stability of products. Therefore, in-depth
understanding and mastery of asphaltene heavy coal tar composition, structure, properties and
other research is to fully develop and utilize the resources of heavy coal tar theoretical basis for
improving the light of asphaltene conversion rate and avoid asphaltene the condensation reaction
of coke and other issues provide a theoretical basis
To solve this problem. the theme of the research is to analysis the purification of the medium
temperature coal tar and the production and physical and chemical properties and molecular
structure of coal-tar pitch What's more, some segregation analysis methods were chosen to divide
the asphaltene component roughly or detailedly, and then coal-tar pitch was analyzed by elemental
analysis, GPC, H-NMR, IR spectrum and ultraviolet spectrum wavelength analysis
Key words: medium temperature coal tar asphaltene, properties analysis. toluene insoluble