珠江重要河流底栖动物水质生物学评价.pdf

第32卷第3期
水资源保护
2016年5月
Vol 32 No. 3
WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION
DOI:10.3880/j.isn.1004-6933.2016.03.018
珠江重要河流底栖动物水质生物学评价
王旭涛,谢昭2,刘威,徐盛2
(1.珠江水资源保护科学研究所,广东广州510611;:2.南京农业大学昆虫系,江苏南京210095)
摘要:2011年和2012年调查了珠江流城66个样点的底栖动物和水化学指标,利用2011年北江11
个样点和郴江17个样点的底栖动物群落和水化学指标,采用主成分分析法获得综合环境因子(主
成分1和主成分2)。分析36个候选底栖动物参数与环境因子间的相关性,结合参数的分布范固,
确定适于珠江流城开展河流生态系统生物学质量评价的3个底栖动物参数:双翅目百分比、制食者
百分比和BI指数,进而构建了珠江流域河流生物学质量评价的综合生物指数及评价等级(清洁、轻
度污染、中度污染和重度污染)。66个样点的综合生物指数评价结果显示,珠江流域河流生物学质
量以轻度至中度污染为主,占80.3%,清洁占13.6%,重度污染占有6%。研究表明,在珠江流域应
用底栖动物开展中大型河流水质生物学评价具有良好的应用前景
关键词:大型底栖无脊椎动物;综合生物指数;生物学评价;珠江
中图分类号:X826
文献标志码:A
文章编号:1004-6933(2016)03-0094-05
Bioassessment of water quality using enthic macroinvertebrates in
maior rivers of Pearl River Basin
WANG Xutao XIE Zhao?, LIU Wei, XU Sheng
(1.Scientific Institute of Pearl River Water Resowrces Protecton, Guangzhou 510611, Chin
2. Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Abstract: Benthic macroinvertebrates and hydrochemical indices were collected from 66 sampling sites in the Pearl
River Basin in the years 2011 and 2012. The benthic macroinvertebrate communities and hydrochemical indices
from 11 sites of the Beijiang River and 17 sites of the Yujiang River in the year 2011 were investigated, and the
integrated environmental factors(PCI and PC2 )were obtained through principle analysis. Based on analysis of
correlation between 36 candidate parameters and the environmental factors, and the distribution of the parameters
three indices applicable to bioassessment of the river ecosystem in the Pearl River Basin were determined, including
index was determined and the grading scales were classified into non-polution, slight pout ated biotic
the percentage of diptera taxa, the percentage of scrapers, and the biotic index(B). Then, the integrated biotic
pollution. and he
ollution categories. The assessment of integrated biotic indices from 66 sampling sites shows
that the biological conditions of 80. 3% of the rivers had the status of slight to moderate pollution, 13.6% of the
ivers had the status of non-ollution, and 6% of the rivers had the status of heavy pollution in the Pearl River
Basin. This study demonstrates the applicability of bioassessment of water quality in medium-and large-sized rivers
of the Pearl River Basin using benthic macroinvertebrates
Key words: benthic macroinver ebrate; integrated biotic index; bioassessment; Pearl River
水质生物评价自1902年德国科学家 Kokwita体较大、易于采集和识别、对环境变化敏感等特点
和 Masson首次应用至今,历经了100多年的发展,已成为水质生物学评价中应用最广泛的类群21
提出了许多成功的水质生物学评价参数。大型自20世纪70年代以来,北美和欧洲已广泛应用大
底栖动物因其生活周期长、行动缓慢、分布广泛、个型底栖动物群落结构对河流水质进行评价3?。国
基金项目:水利部公益性行业科研专项(201001021,201301047
作者简介:王旭涛(1981),男,工程师,硕土,主要从事水生态调査与评价研究。E-mil:wuhu@126.com
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