高灵敏度深小孔压电钻削测力仪的研制.pdf

第9期
杌械设计与制造
2011年9月
Machinery Design Manufacture
81
文章编号:1001-399772011)09-0081-03
高灵敏度深小孔压电钻削测力仪的研制
张军刘建红钱
(大连理工大学机械工程学院,大连116024)
Developement of high-sensitivitity-piezoelectric dynamometer applying
in small-deep-holes drilling
ZHANG Jun, LIU Jian-hong, QIAN Min
School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
摘要」)研制了用于测量深小孔钻削加工的高灵敏度压电式动态测カ仪。通过分析深小孔钻削
加工的特点,明确了该条件下测力仪应具各的高灵敏度等性能。为了使测力仪具有高灵敏度的性能,从
传感器測力原理及测力仪的结构等方面进行了详细论述。讨论了两种扭矩測量方法,分别设计了最筒
捷的测力仪结枘形式,进行了相应的实验,对結果进行了比較和分析。静、动态标定结果证明,双传感器
分布结构的测力仪灵敏度高,动态性能、精度等均达到规定标准。在此基础上,分別进行了测力仪灵敏
度一致性实验和实际钻削加エ验证测试別量结果表明,在测力仪的测试区域内均可准确、可靠地测量
出深小孔钻削力。
关鍵词:高灵敏度;深小孔;双传感器分布
[ Abstract A hind of dynamic piezoelectric dynamometer with high-sensitivity applied in small-deep
hole drilling is dereloped. Features such asagi--sensitipity are the dynamometer must possess which have
been defined by analyzing the characteristics ofthe smadl-deep-hole drillin o achieve the aim, detailed ex-
i planation on aspects is made from measuring principle to structure of dynamometer Then the two methods or i
measuring torque are discussed and two hinds of simplest pe structure of dynamometer are designed re
g Specie ly A fterwards corresponding epe riment has been done, which results hae been compared and an-
Lyzed. Both static and dynamic calibrating results rowe that dynamometer with distribution pattern of double
sensor is higher in sensitivity and its dynamic performance and precision can reach reguired criterions Addii
z tional experiment on ity consistency and practical drilling test has been done respectively based on the
E abowe work, hich results indicate that cutting force and torgue of ma - hole drilling can be accurately i
and reliably measured by the dynamometer within the measuring area
Key words: High-sensitivity; Small-deep hole; Double-sensor distribution
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中图分类号:TH16,TH823文献标识码:A
不易推广使用。吉林某大学等研制的应变片式微小孔钴削测力仪
深小孔广泛应用于汽车、电子、光纤通讯和流体控制等领域,采用具有辅助支承的测力仪结构,具有很小的鉴别力阀值较高的
它的加工历来是机械制造业中被人们关注的问题之一。深小孔加灵敏度和较大承载能力,但其非线性度低、固有频率不够高。大连
工的方法很多,按原理可分为机械加工和特种加工两大类。对直某大学和山东某大学研制的SDL-B型新型高灵敏度压电式钻削
径≤10m,深径比iム(S-20)的一般深孔,国内外最常用的加エ方测力仪采用弹性筒柱螺纹预紧结构,抗干扰能力强,静态性能指
法仍然是麻花钻钴削加工。孔属于半封闭式切削,在深孔钻削过标较高,同时比测力仪测量范闱大,轴向力在(0-80)从N,矩为(0
程中排屑、散热和导向问题显得更加尖锐3。而且钻头形状不规则,70Nm,不利于提高钴削小力的测量精确。哈尔滨某大学研制的压
深孔钻削中的合成力是影响钻头自导向性的必然因素。若能以钻电ー应变组合式新型切削测力仪,根据钻削中轴向力和扭矩的不
头上的钻削力为监测对象,当钻削条件突然恶化,导致钻削力瞬时同特点,采用不同的方法分别测量,各力相互千扰小,测量结果更
増大时,测力仪将检测力值反馈给检测系统,便可主动采取解决措准确,但这种组合式测力仪结构复杂,易产生非线性干扰,组合刚
施,减少不必要的损失,提高加工效率。因此,研制用于监测深小孔度低,容易振动,对深小孔钻削力的测量精度影响较大,故设计的
加工过程的钻削测力仪有理论和应用意义
二维力动态钻削测力仪应以结构简捷为宜。
国内外对钻削测力仪的研究,从测量原理上分主要有应变
由此,为实现深小孔钴削力的实时监测,设计了一种貝有高
式、压电式和组合式。瑞士 Kister9271A型帖削测力仪内装一个灵敏度性能的斥电式动态测力仪。该测力仪采用两个传感器的配
双向力传感器,结构紧凑,钻削测量效果好,其工に艺水平要求较高,置型式,结构简捷、稳定性高;量程范围与所测小力的匹配度高,有
米稿口期:20]0-11-06*基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(50475152,50675026)