危险化学品手册.pdf

Hazardous Chemicals Handbook
liravardous Chemicals Bandbook
Second edition
Phillip Carson
PHD Msc AMCT Cchem FRSC FIOSH
Head of Science Support Services, Unilever Research Laboratory
Port Sunlight, UK
Clive Mumford
BSC PHD DSC Ceng Micheme
Consultant Chemical Engineer
BUTTERWORT?
H
N E M
NN
Oxford Amsterdam Boston London New York Paris San Diego
San Francisco Singapore Sydney Tokyo
orth-heinemann
An imprint of Elsevier Science
Linacre House. ordan Hill. Oxford OX2 &DP
225 Wildwood Avenue. Woburn. MA 0801-2041
Second edition 2002
Copyright O 1994, 2002, Phillip Carson, Clive Mumford. All rights reserved
The right of Phillip Carson and Clive Mumford to be identified as the
authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright
Designs and Patents Act 1988
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (includin
photocopying or Storing in any medium by electronic means and whether
or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without
the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the
provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of
a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road
London, England WIT 4LP. Applications for the copyright holders written
permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed
to the publishers
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN0750648880
ForinformationonallButterworth-heinemannpublicationsvisitourwebsiteatwww.bh.com
Typeset at Replika Press Pyt Ltd, Delhi 110 040 Indi
Printed and bound in Great Britain
Contents
Preface to the second edition
Preface to the first edition
1 Introduction
Terminole
10
3 General principles of chemistry
Introduction
222
Atoms and molecules
Periodic table
Valency
Chemical bond
Oxidation/Reduction
Physical state
Acids
5667
Ba
ases
Halogens
28
Metals
Oxygen and sulphur
Nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic and antimony
Salts
Organic chemistry
Combustion chemistry
Chemical reactivity
42
4 Physicochemistry
45
Vapour pressure
45
Gas-liquid solubility
46
Liquid-to-vapour phase change
47
Solid-to-liquid phase change
47
Density differences of gases and vapours
47
Density differences of liquid
49
Immiscible liquid-liquid systems
49
Vapour flashin