蜘蛛兰褐斑病及其病原菌鉴定与病害的药剂控制试验.pdf

西南大学
硕士学位论文
咖蛛兰褐斑病及其病原菌鉴定与病害的药剂控制试验
姓名:谭舒心
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:植物病理学
指导教师:谭万忠
20090501
摘要
蜘蛛兰褐斑病的诊断及其病原菌
与药剂控制试验
植物病理专业硕士研究生谭舒心
指导教师谭万忠
摘要
蜘蛛兰( Hymenocallis littoralis(acq.) Salisb,石蒜科 Amaryllidaceae)是我国广泛栽培的、
具有重要观赏和药用价值的一种二级保护植物。近年来,在其上发现了一种斑病,严重的
影响了蛛兰的观赏价值和经济价值。査阅现有文献,有关蜘蛛兰这种病害目前国内外尚未
见研究报道。本研究通过采集重庆不同地区蜘蛛兰褐斑病病叶标本,进行了组织分离纯化、
并经致病性测定、形态学及分子生物学鉴定明确致病菌、病原菌生物学特性研究、药剂的宣
内毒力测定,以及田间药效试验的研究,以期为制定安全经济有效的病害综合控制策略和技
术措施提供科学依据。
蜘蛛兰褐斑病的主要症状及病原菌的分离:该病害主要侵染蜘蛛兰叶片,病斑初期圆形、
卵圆形或梭形,外缘有淡黄色晕圈,中部组织死亡呈褐色。随着时间的增长病斑呈现梭形褐
色长条人斑,有时几个病斑联合,致使叶片大部分组织枯死。通过组织分离法对褐斑处进行
病原菌分离纯化后,得到多个真菌菌株,根据柯赫氏证病律进行致病性测定,判定其中两个
菌株为该病的病原物,分别命名为SLD1和SLD2。用这两个菌株分别接种和复合接种后均
使蜘蛛兰叶片产生病斑,单独接种引致的病斑略有差异,复合接种的症状与田间植株症状相
同,并从接种各发病的组织中再分离得到原米的病原菌,由此最终确认这两个菌株是引起蜘
蛛兰褐斑病的病原菌,而蜘蛛兰褐斑病则是这两种病菌复合侵染而致。
蜘蛛兰褐斑病薗的形态学特征与鉴定:菌株SLD1分生孢子盘生于寄主植物表皮下,分
散或合生,成熟后不规则开裂,浅盘状,有刚毛,揭色至暗褐色,表面光滑,至顶端渐尖。
在PDA培养基上25℃培养菌落圆形,气生菌丝较发达,白色,线毛状,边缘较整齐,7-8d
摘要
控制蜘蛛兰耦斑病的药剂筛选:将供试的7种药剂进行室内生物测定,除硫酸链霉素和
井岗霉素没有明显抑制作用外,多菌灵、甲基托布津、武夷菌素、代森锰锌和百菌清对两种
病原菌都具有抑制作用,其中对SLD1的EC9分别为0.33917、0.82777、7.93466、46.8933
和261.82750g/mL,对SLD2的ECs分别为0.16058、0.39071、3.65280、29.09667和554383
gimL。田间药效结果表明,供试的三种药剂中,多菌灵和甲基托布津1000倍液对蜘蛛兰褐
斑病的防效均达到68%-77%,生物农药武夷菌素防效达到50.0%-64.1%,这三种药剂的1000
倍液均比2000倍液控病效果好。可见,多菌灵和甲基托布津对蜘蛛兰斑病的防效显著,可
推荐在蜘蛛兰栽培和实际生产中应用。
关键词:蜘蛛兰褐斑病;病害诊断鉴定;盘长孢状刺盘孢;韦斯梅拟盘多毛
孢;控制药剂筛选
西南大学硕十学位论文
Diagnosing brown leaf blotch of spider lily
(ymenocallis Littoralis )and screening effective
fungicides for the disease control
Candidate: Shuxin TAN
Supervisor: Wanzhong TAN
College of Plant Protection, Southwest University
Abstract
Spider lily (Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacq. )Salisb. )is a perennial bulbous plant belonging to
Amaryllidaceae family and originated from tropical America. It is currently widely distributed in
China and is planted for ornamental and medical purposes. A new disease, brown leaf blotch, was
found on this pecious plant in Chongqing and a number of other Southern China provinces and
there has not been any report or record of this disease in literatures. The obiectives of this stud
were 1)to diagnose and describe the disease, 2) to identify the pathogenic organisms, 3)to
investigate the major factors affecting the growth, sporulation and infectivity of the pathogens, and
4)to screen fungicides for controlling the disease in the laboratory and in the fields. These would
be of great importance in further studies of the disease and its pathogens and would provide useful
infmmation and experimental data for desgning disease management strategies in spider lily
cultivation practice
1. The symptoms of the spider lily brown leaf blotch and the isolation of the pathogen
The typical symptoms of the disease were characterized the initial small circular purple spots
on leaves, which developed to oval spots and may join together to form large irregular spots. The
spots were brown at the center, deep purple at the border and surrounded by a yellow halo of
newly-infected tissue. Two isolates(SLD1 and SLD2) of fungi were shown responsible for the
disease infections through the Koch's Postulate steps. They induced blotch symptoms on leaves
after separate and combined inoculations; the inoculated pathogens were reisolated from the