地表水环境质量标准109项分析方法优化_硕士学位论文(pdf格式可编辑).pdf

米
文
中南大学硕土学位论文
摘要
摘要
随着经济的高速发展,水环境污染问题日趋严峻,地表水与人们生产、生活
息息相关,其环境质量也倍受关注。《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)中
表1基本项目及表2集中式生活饮用水地表水源地补充项目(共29项)在各环
境监测站已开展多年,并进行月常规监测,而表3集中式生活饮用水源地特定项
目(80项)的监测一直处理空白状态。2008年,中国环境监测总站给各环境保
护重点城市下达每月增加特定项目1~35项的监测任务和每年一次的109项全分
析任务。
特定项目中有68项为有机物,而这些有机物地分析方法存在许多问题。首
先,分析方法落后,绝大部分使用填充柱分离,已和现行仪器不相适应;其次,
这些有机项目的分类过多,不利于在日常工作中开展;再次,方法的重复性差,
灵敏度低,部分项目的检出限甚至高于标准限值,已不能满足环境监测的要求。
因此建立一套简便快捷的有机物分析方法迫在眉睫。本实验利用气相色谱仪、气
质联用仪、吹扫捕集仪、顶空进样器等仪器对特定项目中的有机物进行优化整合。
使得分析方法简单快捷、准确度好、精密度高、线性范围宽、检出限低,可满足
环境监测的技术要求。同时建立两套方案可供不同仪器配置的实验室选用,在地
表水环境监测有机物分析中具有较好的实用性和推广性。
关键词地表水环境质量标准,有机物,分析方法优化
中南人学硕士学位论文
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of economic, water pollution becomes increasingl
serious. Because surface water is closely related to production and daily life of human
its quality attracts more and more attention. Table 1 and Table 2 in Environmental
Quality Standard of Surface Water(Gb3838-2002 ) demonstrate the basic project of
29 supplementary items for centralizing and drinking surface water sources, which
have been camied out in the environmental monitoring station for many years and
monitored monthly. I to 35 specific projects added for monthly monitoring and
annually full analysis of 109 items were assigned by China Environmental Monitoring
Station to the cities that environmental protection should be specially carried out
Among these specific projects, 68 are involved in analysis of organic compounds,
however many problems occur in analysis of these organic compounds. Firstly, the
packed column popularly used in analysis of these compounds has not met the needs
of existing equipments, which outdates these analytical methods. Secondly, too many
classifications of these organic items crippled their progress daily analysis or
monitoring work. Thirdly. these methods. with poor reproducibility. low sensitivit
and even detection limit of some projects higher than that of standard limit, could not
meet the requirements of modern environmental monitoring. Therefore, it is critical
urgent to develop a set of fast and effective analytical methods for environmental
monitoring of organic compounds. In this study, modern analytical instruments, such
as gas chromatography, GC-MS, purge and trap device, headspace sampling
instruments, were optimized and integrated for analysis of organic compounds in
specific projects, which provided simple and quick, accurate analysis method with
high precision, linear range, and low detection limit, in attempt to meet the technical
requirements for environmental monitoring. Two programs with different
optimization of instruments were established for different laboratory according to
their quipment confi urations They could also be easily extended to environmental
monitoring of organic compounds in surface water with good practice and
generalization.
KEY WORDS Environmental quality standards of surface water, Organic
compounds, Optimization of analytical methods