小型压力容器微量泄漏检测技术与装置的研究.pdf

2011年第30卷第3期
传慼器与微系统( Transducer and Microsystem' Technologi
小型压力容器微量泄漏检測技术与装置的研究
叶树亮,王凯
(中国计量学院计量測试工程学院,浙江杭州310018
摘要:日常生产、生活中的小型压力容器因设计缺陷、外力持续作用等因素会出现容器内物质泄漏,从
而对环境、生命安全构成威胁,特别是微量泄漏因其表象不显著易被忽略,封闭空间内的长期微量泄漏同
样会因有毒、可燃气体体积分数增加而引发安全事故。以最常见的丙、丁烷混合气打火机为研究对象,设
计了打火机微量泄潴检测仪,在可燃气传感器输出阻抗与泄漏体积分数函数关系的基础上,研究燃气微量
泄漏模型和双重检测算法,通过特征匹配方式实现批量打火机中泄漏单体的快速定位和泄漏量的精确测
量。实验结果表明:打火机燃气微量泄漏的检测效率高,漏检率小于0.01%,该技术同样适用于其他各类
小型压力容器的微量泄漏检测。
关键词:小型压力容器;微量泄漏检测;燃气微泄模型;特征匹配
中图分类号:TP274文就标识码:A文章编号:10009787(2011)03-0025-03
Study on trace leakage detection technology and equipment
for small pressure vessels
YE Shu-liang, WANG Kai
College of Metrology &Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China)
Abstract Due to design flaws and continuing role of external forces, trace leakage from imperfectly small pressure
vessels will occur intentionally or accidentally, which is a big threat to both our life and environment. It is not
easily detected for its insignificant appearance, thus tending to be potential safety concerns caused by the
increasing of toxic or flammable gas. To solve this problem, a lighter trace leakage detection method and detection
instrument based on gas lighter are developed. The model of gas trace leakage and double detection algorithm
which is supported by the typical relationship between the output impedance of detection senor and the leakage
volume fraction is set up, aiming at realize quick Larget positioning among batched samples and high-precision
detection in feature matching. Experimental results show that this detection method of lighter gas trace leakage is
efficient and the missing detection rate is less than 0. 01 % This technology can be also applied to trace leakage
detection for other small pressure vessels
Key words: small pressure vessels; trace leakage detection; gas leakage model; feature matching
引宮
测效率低,易受测试环境和人为因素等制约,测试精度难以
日常五金类小型压力容器加注后内部处于均匀受压状提高;而利用超声波检漏技术、微压差泄漏检测技术、主动
态,其工作介质可为液体、气体、气体和液体的混合物。打成像气体检测技术及红外检漏技术等虽弥补了传统检测手
火机是日常生活中常见的小型压力容器,装配缺陷、外力持
段的不足,但仍未解决在线批量检测和检测效率低的问
续作用等会导致打火机发生可燃气体外泄,尤其在微量泄
题2
漏不易被察觉情况下,大批量集中放置于集装箱或仓库等
本文以打火机为常见、典型的小型压力容器代表,提出
了一种可用于各类日常生产、生活中小型压力容器有毒、有
封闭空间内,因可燃性气体累积而引发安全事故。因
害气体微量泄漏检测技术。利用双负压生成机构有效屏蔽
此,以打火机为代表的小型压力容器微量泄漏安全检测技
环境气流横向扰动和多点泄漏的交叉扰动影响;在多路泄
术特别是批量检测技术逐渐受到国内外的关注,成为当前
漏燃气伎感器输出阻抗与泄漏体积分数典型关系的基础上
产品安全性能检测领域研究的热点之一。传统的打火机燃建立一种打火机燃气的空间微量泄漏模型,结合该模型的
气微量泄漏检测法,如,水检法、静压法、U型管法等存在检双重检测算法可实现快速、准确定位泄漏源,有效提高打火
收稿日期:2010-12-24