废塑料热裂解和催化裂解制备燃料油及产物的色-质分析.pdf

南L业大学
士学位论文
废料热裂解和催化裂解备料油及产物的色一质分析
妞名:李法鸿
中请学位数别:硕士
专业:分析化学
指导教师:陈哓青
用峰面积归一化法进行定量分析。考察了分析结果的精密度,相对标准偏
差≤3.209%6,结果令人满意。
本文将废塑料催化热裂解和催化改质的条件应用于长沙环保塑化炼油
厂,获得了较高的油品收率和油品质量,取得了较好效果。
关键词:废塑料,热裂解,催化裂解,汽油柴油,催化剂,色谱质谱
分析
ABSTRACT
The characteristics of fuel oils by thermal degradation and catalytic
pyrolysis of waste plastics, and the method of analyzing gasoline by gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry(gc-ms)were studied in this paper.
Firstly, the characteristic of fuel oils by thermal degradation of waste
plastics was studied. The temperature characteristic of thermal degradation of
polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene was investigated. According to
that, thermal degradation of waste plastics mixtures was carried out in different
temperature range. The styrene monomers, the light fuel oils and the heavy fuel
oil were obtained in 0-360C, 360-420C and 420-520C respectively. The
influences of degradation temperature on the yield rate of liquild fuel oil of
polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene were in 520@ 480'C and 440C
When the degradation temperature was increased, the production rates of
gasoline, diesel, gas, carbon residue increased, but the yield rates of heavy oil
and degradation residue decreased. The yield rate of gasoline of thermal
degradation of polystyrene is maximum, while that of polyethylene is
mimimum
Secondly, the characteristic of fuel oils by catalytic pyrolysis of waste
plastics was studied. The influences of catalytic temperature and catalysts on
catalytic pyrolysis were investigated. For the same plastics and catalyst, when
the catalytic temperature was increased, the yield rate of gas and gasoline
increased, and the yield rate of heavy oil and the carbon left on the catalyst
decreased, but the yield rate of diesel varied in small range. When PPA zeolite
was used as catalyst, the optimum catalytic temperatures of polyethylene
polypropylene and polystyrene were 320C, 290C and 290 respectively
and the maximum yield rate of gasoline and diesel was obtained. In the
optimum experiment, the degradation temperature, the catalytic temperature,
the quantity of catalyst and the kind of catalyst were optimized. The differences
of production composition of catalytic pyrolysis, catalytic thermal degradation
and thermal degradation were compared
Thirdly, the method of analyzing gasoline of waste plastics by thermal
degradation, catalytic thermal degradation and catalytic pyrolysis by gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry was investigated. The good separation
effect chromatogram was obtained when the optimum analytic conditions were
that the analytic column was OV-1 silica capillary column, the column
temperature was kept at 30C for 15min after injection, and then programmed
at the rate of 2 C/min to 230C, and helium gas was as the carrier gas and its
efllux speed was 0.5m/min. Each composition in the gas chromatogram was
analysed qualitatively by mass spectrography, and given the corresponding
name, and analysed quantitatively by the area normalization method. The
precison of result was investigated, and the result was satisfactory
Finally, the optimum conditions of waste plastics by catalytic thermal
degradation and catal ytic pyrolysis were used in a f