铅阳极泥湿法处理新工艺研究.pdf

工程硕士学位论文
摘要
摘要
本研究提出处理髙砷铅阳极泥的新工艺:物料首先在4N盐酸介质中通氯
氣化,控制电位380~400mv,液固比5:1,于常温下浸出1.0小时,可使98%
以上的砷及锑铋铜进入溶液,碲浸出85%左右:银入液损失1.4%左右,金溶出
2.6-36%,但金银都可在碲精矿中回收,使金银的总收率率达到99%左右。浸出
渣含银28-30%,铅40%左右,而含铜<0.3%,铋<0.05%,锦<0.9%,砷<0.08%,
达到低砷铅泥的漫渣法水平,可以按已有技术回收其中金银。
研究中采用较为彻底的脱砷方法,即酸浸液添加少量KI,用二氧化硫气体
使As(V)还原为As(II)并附带回收溶液中的碲,碲沉淀率在99%以上。
沉碲后液可在常压,<107℃下蒸馏脱砷,脱砷率90%左右。蒸馏残液用水解一
中和法回收锑铋铜。锑、铋铜精矿直收都在96%以上;铜至铜精矿直收98%
以上:沉铜残液pH为7-9,含铜锑铋均排放。
实验中还提出高砷铅泥的处理新方法,即将浸出中的As(V)还原为As(II1)
然后采用水解一一中和法回收锑铋铜。砷在锑精矿中的分布出32%降到6-8%
在铋精矿中的分布出12%降至1%以下;在铜精矿分布为12%左右;其余的砷可
在沉铜残液中回收
试车结果和经济技术分析表明,采用新工艺,银直收率96.52%,总收率
率>99%;金直收率96.52%,总收率>9%:锑在熔炼贵铅烟尘中直收率42.9
%;铋在铋精矿中直收率72.24%,在铋、铜精矿中总收率76.4%;铜在铜精矿
中直收率779%,在铋、铜精矿中总收率89.2%:新工艺兼有火法熔炼铅泥时
处理量大,直收率高成本低的优点,又兼有湿法银直收率高综合回收好的优点
回避了火法分偎炉处理贵铅时银直收率低,分银渣中银及其它有价金属难以回
收的问题,也回避了湿法直接处理铅泥时试剂消耗大,成本难以降低的问题;
新工艺对减少环境污染效果明显,社会效益显著
关键词:铅阳极泥,回收,可控电位氯化浸出
硕十学位论文
舸要
ABSTRACT
A novel hydrometallurgical process treating lead anode slime is
developed. It includes acid leaching, alkaline leaching, amine leaching
and electric potential control of chlorination leaching process. when the
electric potential is controlled at 380--400mv, and L/S is 5: l, materials
are chloridized and leached by chlorine in 4N Hcl medium for about 1 hr
at normal temperature, more than 98% As, Sb, Bi and Cu, 85%0 Te, 1.4%
Ag and 2.6-36% Au enter solution, where 99% Au and Ag may be
recoveried in Te concentrate. The leaching residue cantains 28-30%
Ag,40%Pb,<0.3%Cu,<0.05%Bi,<0.9%Sb,and<0.08%As
from which Au and Ag can be recoveried by the current technology.
A new technology of arsenic removal for treating arsenic-rich lead anode
slime by use of adding a small quantity of] and SO2 gas to reduce As(V)
to As(III) meanwhile 99% Te is recoveried in the form precipitation. And
then 90% As is removed by distillation at <107C and Sb, Bi and Cu
are
recoveried
from
e
remanent
solution
hydrolyzation-neutralization method, where the direct recovery of Sb, bi
and Cu are higher than 96%
The influence of reacting atmosphere, roasting temperature, and roasting
time on the volatilization rate of As was studied systematically. The
results of roasted sand experiments under the optimal conditions showed