甲磺酸体系电沉积法制备电沉积铜用新型铅合金阳极材料性能研究.pdf

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材料导报B:研究篇
2013年5月(下)第27卷第5期
甲磺酸体系电沉积法制备电沉积铜用新型铅合金阳极材料性能研究
袁飞刚1,陈步明2,郭忠诚2,刘建华1,周松兵1
(1昆明理工大学治金与能源学院,昆明650093;2昆明理工恒达科技有限公同,昆明650106)
摘要通过电化学方法研究甲基磺酸体系中电沉积得到的纯Pb、PbSn(0.6%)和 Pb-sn(0.6%)-Sb(0.6%)
(均为质量分数)合金阳极在CuSO-H2SO)2体系下的电化学性能,结果表明新型的PbSn(0.6%)-Sb(0.6%)合金阳
极电催化性能和耐蚀性能均比PbSn(0.6%)和纯Pb阳极优异。采用扫描电子显徽镜观察了3种合金材料极化24h
后的表面形貌,图像显示纯Pb表面疏松多孔,大部分区城出现了裂纹,PbSn(0.6%)和 Pbrsn(0.6%)-Sb(0.6%)合
金阳极表面形貌比较均匀和致密。X射线衍射表明,PbSn(0.6%)和PbSn(0.6%)Sb(0.6%)合金材料对应的
PbO2和PO的衍射峰比纯Pb强,且PbSn(0.6%)Sb(0.6%)阳极材料PIO2的衍射峰最强,说明PbSn(0.6%)
Sb(0.6%)阳极的导电性最好
关键词电沉积镉甲磺酸电沉积铅锡锑合金电化学性能
中图分类号:TG146.1+2
文献标识码:A
Performances of the New Lead Alloy Anode Material Obtained in the Methylsulfonic
Acid System Used in Copper Electrowinning
YUAN Feigang, CHEN Buming, GUO Zhongcheng, LIU Jianhua, ZHOU Songbing
(1 Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming.
2 Kunming Hendera Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Kunming 650106)
Abstract The performances of the pure Pb, Pb-sn(O 6%) and Pb-sn(0.6%)-sb(0.6%)(all in mass frac
tion in Cuso -H SO system were analyzed with the electrochemical experiments. The results indicated that the elec
trocatalytic activity and corrosion resistance of the Pb-sn(O6%)-sb(0.6%) anode was the best among the three an
ode materials. The structure of the three electrode materials were studied by scanning electron microscope after 24 h
anodic polarization, which showed that the surface of the Pb-sn(0.6%)and Pb-sn(0.6%)-sb(0.6%)anode materials
was more uniform and compact, while the surface of the pure Pb was loose and orous, and had some cracks in most
of the areas. The X-ray diffraction indicated that the diffraction peaks of PO and PO formed on the Pb-sn(0.6%)
Sb(0. 6%)anode and Pb-sn(0.6%) were weaker than the pure Pb anode, while the diffraction peaks of Pbo2 formed
on the Pb-sn(0. 6%)-sb(0. 6%)anode were the strongest, which showed that the conductivity of the Pb-sn(0.6%)
Sb(O.6%) anode was the best.
Key words copper electrowinning, methylsulfonic acid, electrodeposition, Pb-sn-sb alloy, electrochemical
pertormance
自19世纪60年代以来,湿法炼铜工艺得到了充分的发采用传统的浇铸方式得到的合金阳极分布不均匀,易出现偏
展,湿法炼铜工艺的铜产量约占世界铜产量的20%2。湿析的现象,使得阳极材料在使用过程当中出现点蚀的情况而
法炼锅工艺中,浸出→萃取→电沉积(L-SxEw)技术是从低影响阳极的使用寿命。閃此寻求强耐腐蚀、高导电、抗变形、
品位铜矿中提取铜的有效方法,全世界每年用LSx-Ew技术长寿命、低成本的合金阳极材料成为了铜电沉积的一个重要
生产的铜达240万t,约占全球铜产量的15%~20%,4。用课题。虽然工业应用的阳极都是铅合金阳极,但此阳极在电
于硫酸铜溶液电沉积铜的任何不溶性阳极材料至少应具备解过程中起作用的是铅的氧化物8-而不是铅。因此电极
高导电性阎、良好的电催化性能(析氧)和良好的稳定性表面上的这种铅氧化物的组织结构、致密性以及与基体的结
耐腐蚀)13个特点。目前工厂使用的Pb-Ca(0.06%)-Sn合强度等因素决定着阳极的性能。由于锑加入铅基合金中
(0.6%)(均为质量分数,下同)阳极材料钙与锡的含量高,导可以提高其耐蚀性,降低铅基阳极析氧电位,但其耐蚀性
致析氧电位升高,耐蚀性较差,容易造成电流效率下降,同时会随锑含量的增加而减弱1。本实验在甲基磺酸体系中,
*国家自然科学基金(51004056);云南省应用基础研究基金(2010ZC052)
袁飞刚:男,1986年生,硕士生,主要从事新型节能阳极的开发陈步明:通识作者,1977年生,博士,从事表面工程和治金新材料
的制备等E-mail:cbml2qg.com