沥青质热等离子体裂解热力学的分析.pdf

石油化工
1168
PETROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
2015年第44卷第10期
沥青质热等离子体裂解热力学的分析
程炎,李天阳,颜彬航,程易
(清华大学化学工程系,北京100084)
摘要]针对重油溶剂脱沥青过程中产生的大量沥青质,提出利用热等离子体超高温的极端反应条件,实现沥青质高效处理
的热化学转化方案。采用热力学分析的方法,分析额外加人氢气、清焦气体(水蒸气或二氧化碳)和共裂解烃类(甲烷、乙
烷、丙烷)对于沥青质热等离子体裂解制乙炔过程气相体系的影响。分析结果表明,在2MW热等离子体裂解中试装置上,沥
青质的最优处理量约为407kg/h,并可获得约210kgb的乙炔;额外加入氢气和清焦气体不利于生成乙炔,额外加入的氢气量
应低于15kgh;清焦气体的加入量应低于50kgh;加人共裂解烃类,可显著提高裂解气中乙炔的含量。裂解气温度的提高
气相有效碳氢质量比的增大和惰性因子的减小是提高裂解气中乙炔含量的有效手段
关键词]沥青质;热等离子体;乙炔;热力学分析
[文章编号]1000-8144(2015)10-1168-09
中图分类号TE624.3
文献标志码]
Thermodynamic Analysis of Asphaltene Pyrolysis in Thermal Plasma Reactor
Cheng Yan, Li Tianyang, Yan Binhang, Cheng Yi
Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)
Abstract The pyrolysis of asphaltene, from deasphalting process of heavy oil, with thermal
plasma at ultra-high temperature was investigated, and a clean and efficient method for the asphaltene
conversion was proposed. Thermodynamic analysis was carried out to study the effects of additional
hydrogen, decoking gases(steam and CO2), and co-pyrolysis hydrocarbons(methane, ethane and
propane) on the pyrolysis process with thermal plasma for generating acetylene. The results showed that
the optima] feed rate of asphaltene was about 407 kg/h and the corresponding acetylene yield was 210
kgh in a pilot-plant with a 2 MW thermal plasma pyrolysis reactor. The introduction of the additional
hydrogen or the decoking gases had a negative effect on the acetylene production. It was suggested
that the feeding rates of both the additional hydrogen and the decoking gas should be less than 15 kg/
h and less than 50 kg/h, respectively. The introduction of the hydrocarbons could notably improve the
acetylene concentration in the pyrolysis gas. Further analysis indicated that high gaseous temperature
before quenching, high effective mass ratio of C/H and low inert factor were beneficial to increasing
the volume fraction of acetylene in the pyrolysis ga
I Keywords] asphaltene; thermal plasma; acetylene; thermodynamic analysis
随着全球石油资源的重质化和劣质化的趋质化利用的重要手段:通过溶剂分离出重油原料中
势,针对重油深度加工和高效利用的技术需求的沥青质和重金属等杂质,得到脱沥青油和脱油沥
日益增长。其中,溶剂脱沥青技术是针对重油轻青2?,从而达到油品升级的目的。但该工艺产生
收稿日期12015-04-07;[修改稿日期2015-06-20。
作者简介]程炎(1991-),男,江苏省南通市人,博士生,电话010-62782302,电邮chinachengyan@gmail.com
[基金项目]国家重大基础研究计划项目(2012CB720301);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAFO8B04);中国石油科技创新基金目
(2013D-5006-0508)。