端羟基聚丁二烯聚氨酯弹性体%2f蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与力学性能研究.pdf

第34卷第2期
非金属矿
Vol 34 No. 2
2011年3月
Non-metallic Mines
March. 201 1
端羟基聚丁二烯聚氨酯弹性体/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的
制备与力学性能研究
朱建君”陈悲娟邢淑建2韩晓哲
(1信阳师范学院化学化工学院,河南信阳464000;2天津化工研究设计院,天津300131)
摘要以端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)、甲苯二异第酸酯(TDI)和有机蒙脱土为原料,在简单而温和的条件下制备出具有超拉仲性能的聚氪酯
/蒙黦土纳米复合材料。利用XRD、TEM等表征手段研究端羟基聚丁二烯聚氪弾性体/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的微观结构,并通过万能拉仲机对
此材料的力学性能进行測试。实验結果表明,令质量分数为2%的有机蒙脱土在聚氪酷体系中完全剥离,所得聚氪酯/縈脱土納米复合材料的断
裂仲长率达到11594%(是纯聚氪酷的3.47倍),而且此材料的断裂强度也是純聚氪酯的2.21倍。用质量分数为2%的有机蒙脱土就能使聚氪酷
材料的断裂伸长率得到成倍增加是很少见的,而且有机蒙脱土的加入能同时达到増强増初的效果。
关键词端羟基聚丁二烯聚氪蘛弹性体蒙脱土納米复合材料剥离力学性能
中图分类号:TB332;TD985文献标识码:A文章编号:1000098(201)00-0001-04
Study on Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyl-terminated Polubutadiene Based Polyurethane
Elastomer/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites
Zhu Jianjun Chen Huijuan Xing Shujian Hanxiaozhe
(I. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000: 2 Tianjin Research &Design Institute
of Chemical Industry, Tianjin 300131)
Abstract Using hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene( HTPB ) toluene diisocyanate(TDI)and montmorillonite organci as raw materials, the
polyuret hane/mon morillon nanocomposites had been s n hesized by using imple process under mild condition which exhibited extraordinary tensile
mechanical properties, especially the high elongation at break ns bility The microstructure of ydrogen-terminated polybutadiene polyurethane
elastomer/montmorillonite nanocomposites was studied by XRD and TEM, and the mechanica] properties of samples were characterized by tensile
mecanical e Experimen a resuls shw at x ol ated polyuethane oni e naomi es with w r anca hibited ultrahigh
elongation at break(1159. 4%)which was 3.47 times as much as that of pristine polyurethane, meanwhile, stress at break of samples was 2.21 times as
much as that of pure polyuethane To the best of our knowled e, this was am extremely large elongation at break ever pored for polyurethane with 2 w
organoclay Filler addition was accompanied by increased strength and toughness without the expense of substantially reduced elongation at break
Key words hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene based polyurethane elastomer montmorillonite nanocomposite exfoliation
mechan
properties
在树脂、橡胶陶瓷基复合材料等材料改性过程的合成材料,是由多异氧酸酯(如二异氧酸酯OCN-R
中常用到具有层状结构的硅酸盐黏土。众所周知,蒙NCO)与多元醇(如二元醇HO-R-OH)反应而成。与
脱土(MMT)具有天然的纳米结构,而且资源丰富,便聚酯型和聚醚型PU相比,以端羟基聚丁二烯为低聚
宜易得,被认为是聚合物最理想的纳米级填料。1987物制得的聚氨酯弹性体,既保证了聚氨酯弹性体良好
年日本丰田研究中心实验室报道了用插层聚合方法的性能,又具有类似天然橡胶的特性,如气密性、耐水
制得尼龙/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,此材料表现出较高性能等,从而使其在电子工业、建筑材料、弹性体、环
的热变形温度、阻隔性能和力学性能,这一成就引起氧树脂增韧、制备胶黏剂及涂料等领域具有广阔前
了国际上的广泛关注。此后,环氧树脂、不饱和聚景。在聚氨酯结构中,二异氯酸酯与扩链剂反应生成
酯、聚酰亚胺、聚丙烯、聚氨酯等一系列热固性和热塑的链段为硬段,极性强,硬段中-NH-CO-官能团使分
性树脂基蒙脱土纳米复合材料被先后研制成功P
子链间形成大量的氢健?,相互作用力强,在聚合物
聚氨酯弹性体(PU)是介于塑料与橡胶之间中起到了物理交联点的作用,控制着聚氨酯的硬度、
模量和强度;而聚酯或聚醚为软段,极性弱,构成材
收稿日期:20]0-12-13
料的连续相,赋予聚氨酯弹性并控制着聚氨酯的耐低
基金项月:国家自然科学基金资助项目(11004167);河南省科技厅科
技政关项目(102102210505)
温性、耐溶剂性和耐候性。因此,聚氨酯弹性体的高
通讯联系人,Email:chemzhujj126.com。
性能化研究包括在逐步聚合过程中调节其分子链结