瓦楞纸板包装历史.pdf

CHARM 2007
The History of Corrugated Fiberboard
Shipping Containers
Diana Twede, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, USA
80% of the mass and over half (54%) of the value of
making inventions in the 1800s gave birth to the
packaging materials in the US(Rauch 2002 and EPA 2003)
corrugated fiberboard shipping container in the 1900s
INVENTION OF CORRUGATED
the malerial. 1/ showcases the stralegic alliances between
FIBERBOARD
the cor ugaled industry and railroads, as well as the anti
trust collsion among the corugated box manufacturer
Reference note: The sources for much of this paper
These alliances insitutionalized the new container which are Bet endorf(1946)and Howell(1940), unless otherwise
has, for the past 100 years, been indispensable for mode noted. They were eyewitnesses to some the industry=s early
physical distribulion
was sec
retary to the Robert Gair
Company, and Bettendorf was a writer for the trade press
and industry association staffer. Koning (1995) presents a
Three key technological inventions in the 1800s set the
more complete bibliography, J
stage for the mass production of paper based packaging by
In 1856 in England, the first patent was issued for
the end of that century: the paper making machine, the
making corrugated paper. It was formed on the same kind of
process for pulping wood and lithographic printing. The
fluted irons used to make ruffled Elizabethan collars. and
paper-making machine and the process for pulping straw,
was used in men=s hats as cushioning for the hat=s sweat
astepaper and wood provided the cheap materials(Twe
band
2005b)
The first patent issued for corrugated paper as a
By the early 1900s, these inventions reduced the cost of
packaging material was granted in 1871 to an American
paper enough to make it useful for a wide range of
Albert L. Jones. Tt was a textured cushioning material for
disposable packages. They stimulated the Invention o
wrapping glass bottles to protect against breakage. In 1874
many paper-based packaging forms and processes. Most
Oliver Long=s patents added the single and double facings
notable among them is the(now)ubiquitous corrugated
ed to prevent stretching
fiberboard shipping container. This invention came at the
The British hatband patent was used as evidence o
ight
settlement that led to an
supp
e growing deman
packaging
to the growth of manufacturing and distribution of consumer
alliance of three entrepreneurs: Robert H. Thompson, Henry
D. Norris and Robert Gair. They maintained a
a The corrugated box came to play an essential role in manufacturing and sales monopoly on corrugated bottle
e veloping mass marketing and distribution. But the story wrapping paper for the life of
the patents. until the1890
of its invention pales in comparison with the story of how
The Thompson Norris Company and Gair developed
te corrugated box was to become ubiquitous. This is a
machinery, processes, and various forms of wra
story of strategic alliances and anti-trust collusion between
The early corrugated wra
ing materials were made
powerful transportation and timber industries and their
from thin straw sheets, like the straw wrapping paper of the
c