氯化钙在甲醇水溶液中的结晶.pdf

第10期
化学世界
601
氯化钙在甲醇水溶液中的结晶
王农,孟庆洛,王兴权
兰州交通大学化学与生物工程学院甘肃省植物源生物农药工科技术研究中心,甘肃兰州730070)
摘要:通过显微镜,观察了氯化钙在甲醇水溶液中的结晶情况,发现在不同的结晶方法和条件下
会形成许多不同形状的结晶体,有立方形、片形、三角形、六角形、十字形、六边形等;研究了结晶体
的形状和大小与结晶温度、结晶时间和溶液浓度等的关系,发现在蒸发结晶过程中,开始形成的结
晶体棱角分明,随着静置时间的延长,小颗粒溶解,大颗粒长大,结晶体的棱角趋于平缓,形状趋于
一致,形成不规则多面体;浓度较高时,形成的结晶体粒度较小,浓度较低时形成的结晶体粒度较
大;与蒸发结晶相比,自然结晶出的颗粒较大,而通过蒸发结晶出的颗粒较小,并初步探讨了结晶现
象的本质规律。
关键词:氯化钙;甲醇;络合物;结晶;形状;大小
中图分类号:O631
文献标志码:A
文章编号:0367-6358(2014)10-0601-04
Crystallization of Calcium Chloride in Methanol-aqueous Solution
WANG Nong*, MENG Qing-luo, WANG Xing-quan
De partment of Chemical Engineering, Research Center of Fngineering for Botunical Biological Pesticide of
Gansu Province, Lanzhou/iaotong University, Gansu Lanzhou 730070, China)
Abstract: The crystallization of calcium chloride in methanol-aqueous solution was observed under an opti-
cal microscope. Many different shaped crystals were formed with different crystallization methods and con-
ditions, such as cube, flake, triangle, hexagon, cross let and so on. The relationship between shape and
size of the crystals with crystallization temperature, crystallization time and solution concentration was
studied. It was found that the particles were chiseled when the crystals began to form, as time went on the
small particles dissolved and the large particles grew up, the edges and corners of the crystals were flat
tened and then the shape began to converge and form irregular polyhedron. The crystal grain size decreased
with the concentration of the solution. As compared with the evaporation crystallization method, the crys
tals formed by natural crystallization were bigger in size. The essential law of crystallization phenomenon
was preliminarily discusse
Key words: calcium chloride; methanol; complex; crystallization; shape; size
氯化钙为无色、白色或灰白色结晶体,无毒、无和实验室常用的干燥剂,无机工业中用作制造金
臭、味微苦、吸湿性极强,暴露于空气中极易潮解。属钙、氯化钡、各种钙盐(如磷酸钙等)的原料;建筑
氯化钙是重要的无机化工原料,无水氯化钙是工业工业中用作防冻剂,以加速混凝土硬化和增加建
收稿日期:2013-12-23;修回日期:2014-07-20
基金项目:甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(1204NKCA107):甘肃省工程技术研究中心项目(1106 NTCAO13);兰州交通大学"青蓝"人オ工程基
金资助项目、金川公司预研基金资助项目(JCYY213008)
作者简介:王农,博士,教授。主要从事。E-mail:wanghong07@163.com。