阴离子型油溶性稠油降黏剂的合成及评价.pdf

第45卷第2期
应用化工
Vol 45 No. 2
016年2月
Applied Chemical Industry
Feb.2016
阴离子型油溶性稠油降黏剂的合成及评价
陈陆建2,杨兆中
(1.西南石油大学石油与天然气工程学院,四川成都610500;2.中石油新疆油田分公同,新疆克拉玛依834000
摘要:针对油溶性稠油降黏剂存在的选择性强和降黏效果差等问题,通过乳液聚合方式合成了一种阴离子型的
多元共聚物油溶性稠油降黏剂,最佳合成条件为:在氮气的保护下,n(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸):n(甲基丙烯酸
长链酯):n(苯乙烯):m(丙烯酸)=1:10:6:5,引发剂加量0.5%,反应时间6h,反应温度70℃,单体浓度25%。该
降黏剂对多种稠油都具有一定降黏效果,尤其对含水率高的稠油效果更好;在50℃条件下,降黏剂加量950mg/
时,降黏率可达59.29%。考察了稠油中胶质、沥青质加降黏剂前后的红外光谱,分析了其降黏机理:降黏剂加入
后,降黏剂分子与稠油中的胶质、沥青质发生作用,消弱了胶质沥青质聚集体间的氢键结合能力,改变了原有聚集
体的空间网状结构,从而降低稠油黏度。
关键词:稠油;稠油降黏剂;阴离子型;聚合物;红外光谱
中图分类号:TQ314.2;TQ317文献标识码:A文章编号:1671-3206(2016)02-0312-04
Synthesis and evaluation of an oil-soluble anionic
viscosity reducer for heavy oil
CHEN Lu-jian", YANG Zhao-zhong
(1. College of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
2. Xinjiang Oilield Company, Petrochina, Karamay 834000, China)
Abstract: In view of the problems that the oil-soluble viscosity reducer has existed high selectivity and
poor rate of viscosity reduction for heavy oil, an oil-soluble anionic polybasic copolymer viscosity reducer
was synthesized by emulsion polymerization. The optimum reaction conditions are obtained as follows: un
der the protection of nitrogen, the monomer molar ratio of 2-acrylamido-2-methy-propanesul onic acid
long chain methacrylate, styrene and acrylic acid is 1: 10: 6: 5, initiator amount of 0.5%, reaction temper-
ature of 70 C, reaction time of 6 h and monomer concentration of 25%. This synthesized viscosity reducer
is effective for multiple heavy oils and especially more effective for crude oil with high water content. The
rate of viscosity reduction reached 59. 29% when the dosage of viscosity reducer was 950 mg/L at 50 C
infrared spectra(IR) of resin and asphaltene with and without viscosity reducer was investigated to anal
sis the viscosity reduction mechanism. When viscosity reducer is added, the molecules of the viscosity re
ducer may interact with reins and asphaltenes, weakening the ability to form hydrogen bonds of aggregate
structure formed by resins and asphaltenes, altering the original three dimensional structure of the aggrega
ted asphaltenes and resins, so the viscosity of crude oil is reduced
Key words: heavy oil; oil-soluble viscosity reducer; anionic; polymer; IR
稠油作为一种非常规原油,占世界已探明原油降黏,但这些方法都存在成本高、能耗大等缺
储量的20%以上,随着轻质原油产量不断减少,石点。相比之下,油溶性降黏剂油溶性好,可以直
油能源资源需求量的逐年增加,开采稠油来填补其接添加,避免了乳化降黏带来的后处理问题,使得油
空缺显得更加紧迫山。稠油中含有大量的胶质、沥溶性降黏剂的研究越来越受到关注。然而,目前国
青质及少量的蜡,造成其高黏度、流动性差,给稠油内外对油溶性降黏剂的研究均较少,市场上所售的
的开采和集输带来巨大困难。目前,国内外降低油溶性降黏剂产品都不是很理想,具有很强的针对
稠油黏度的方法主要有加热降黏、掺稀降黏及乳化性1?。此外油溶性降黏剂还需与溶剂配合使用,
收稿日期:2015-03-22修改稿日期:201504-16
作者简介:陈陆建(1968-),男,江苏如皋人,高级工程师,西南石油大学在读硕士研究生,师从杨兆中教授,主要从事油
气田开发研究与管理。电话:1370902968,E-mai:chenjxj@163.com