硕士论文-高功率CO2激光切割机床设备的研究.pdf

华中科投大学
上学位论文
高功率CO,2>激光切割机床设备的研究
姓名:彭钛军
中请学位級別:硕士
专业:物理电子学
指号教帅:韩晏生
0031201
华中科技大学硕士学位论文
摘要
高功率CO2激光切割机床设备越来越广泛的用于工业加工中,激光切割成套设备供
应商也越来越多。激光切割机床不同于传统的机床设备,传统的机床设备以力(或力矩)
的传递为核心,而激光切割机床以光的传递为核心,因此,在机床设计方面也就存在着
较大的区别。以力(或力矩)传递为核心的机床,对机床的精度、刚性要求都很高,运动
件往往为了保证其刚性而具有较大的质量,从而传统机床的速度普遍都很低。激光切割
则不同,对“飞行光路”结构的机床而言,由于工件不动,又没有切削力的存在,运动
梁可以通过采用轻型结构,实现比较高速的运行。另外,激光传递的过程中,只对机床
运行的直线性要求较高,而对机床的位置精度要求不高,这就是说,对传动件的累计误
差不敏感,从而比较容易获得较宽的加工幅面。
本文从激光切割机床的自身特点出发,首先介绍了激光切割的应用前景,并分析了
激光切割机的发展趋势;然后通过比较市场上激光切割机的主要机床参数和规格,提出
了一套适用国内市场的激光切割机床的主要机床参数和规格;详细分析了激光切割机的
主异传动系统一一电机直联大导程滚珠丝杠传动系统的设计计算,给出了怎样由机床设
计参数进行丝杠选型、电机选型的设计步骤和计算方法;文章就外光路的调整较困难的
问题,给出了一套简便易行的方法和调整机构;文章对激光头、Z轴浮动等工程问题进
行了初步的探讨。
总之,文章从工程设计的角度对激光切割机床进行了比较简短的描述,希望能为从
事这一行业的工程技术入员提供一种有益的思路。
关键词:激光切割“飞行光路”光路传输Z轴浮动滚珠丝杠
华中科技大学硕.士学位论文
Abstract
The high power CO2 laser cutting machine equipments are more and more widely used
in industrial processing. There are more and more providers of the whole set of laser cutting
machines. The laser cutting machines are different from the traditional ones. The transfer of
force or moment in the traditional machine tools is replaced by that of laser beam. So the
design of laser cutting machine is much more different than that of the traditional ones. The
latter require very high precision and rigidity. The move parts have to be much better in
quality because of the requirement of rigidity. So the speed of universal traditional machine
tools is very low. But laser cutting machine tools have many advantages over the traditional
ones, Because of the stillness of work-piece and the inexistence of cutting force, the laser
cutting machines can reach high-speed movement with fly-light-path structure. In addition
laser guiding system needs much higher linearity of movement than preciseness of position
for machine tools, i.e., is insensitive to the accumulative error of gearing parts, so it is easy to
realize the wider-area laser cutting processing
In the paper, beginning with the characteristics of laser cutting machines, the application
future of laser cutting was introduced firstly, and the development trend of laser cutin
machines was analyzed. Then by comparing the characteristics and specifications of laser
cutting machines in the market, the main parameters and standard suitable for the domestic
market were put forward. The dominant transmission system of laser cutting machine was
analyzed in detail. The design procedure and computation method about how to use the
design parameters of machine tools to choose the towel staff and motor were elucidated
Another problem about the difficulty of adjustment of the outer laser-path was discussed as
well and a easier approach to tune the outer-beam-path was proposed. Finally some
engineering problems about the laser head and Z-axis floating system were primarily
discussed
In a word, this paper described the laser cutting machine from the view of engineering
design and is an instructive reference for the laser application engineers
Keywords: Laser Cutting fly-laser-beam-path laser guiding
Z-axis floating Ball Towel Staff