基于 AHP 的古建筑火灾风险评估方法研究.pdf

第12卷第3期
铁道科学与工程学报
Volume 12 Number 3
2015年6月
Journal of Railway Science and Engineering
June 2015
基于AHP的古建筑火灾
风险评估方法研究
徐志胜,刘顶立,曹欢欢,付王伟
(中南大学防灾科学与安全技术研究所,湖南长沙410075)
摘要:通过分析古建筑火灾案例,在凤凰古城、张谷英村和南岳大庙等古建筑群进行实地调研,辨识出古建筑具有“建筑
耐火等级低、成片布局,消防设施不齐全且损坏严重,人员消防安全素质差”等火灾危险性特点。应用火灾风险指数法构建
古建筑火灾风险评估指标体系,利用层次分析法进一步确定评讦估指标权重W,建立古建筑火灾风险评估方法。运用该评
估方法对风凰古城某典型家庭旅馆进行示范评估,对科学开展古建筑火灾预防工作具有参考意义。该评估方法能够适应
于多数古建筑的火灾风险评估,但现在的古建筑形式较多,将来有必要细化不同类型古建筑的评估指标。为减少评估过程
的大量重复性计算和分析,下一步可开发相应的计算机程序。
关键词:古建筑;火灾;火灾风险;层次分析法
中图分类号:X913.4
文献标志码:A
文章编号:1672-7029(2015)03-0690-05
Study on fire risk assessment of historic buildings based on AHP
XU Zhisheng, LIU Dingli, CAO Huanhuan, FU Renwei
( Institute of Disaster Prevention Science Safety Technology, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
Abstract: With anal ysis of historic buildings' fire cases and field research in ancient architectural complexes like
the Ancient City of Phoenix, Zhang Guying Village and Nanyue Temple, the author identifies ancient building
fire hazard features such as "low fire resistance rating, tract-based layout, incomplete and severely damaged
fire-fighting devices and personnel with inadequate fire safety quality".This paper used the fire risk index to
build the fire risk assessment system for historic buildings. It then further defines the Index Weights(W )via
AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process and sets up the fire risk assessment method for historic buildings. It applied
this assessment method in the case of a typical family hotel in the Ancient City of Phoenix, with conclusions and
suggestions. This method can be applicable to fire risk assessment for most historic buildings. Given their various
forms at present, it will be necessary to make more detailed assessment indicators for historic buildings with dif-
ferent types. To reduce numerously repetitive computation and analysis in the assessment process, a computer
program can be accordingly developed next
Key words: historic buildings; fire; fire risk assessment; analytic hierarchy process
我国现有125座历史文化名城、252个名镇、276个名村、4291家文物保护单位、3744个古村
收稿日期:2014-12-25
基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2013z8241
通讯作者:徐志胜(1962-),男,山东潍坊人,教授,从事火灾风险评估等方面研究:E-mail.xuzhsht82@163.com